板翅换热器平直翅片的传热与阻力性能试验

对11种不同结构参数的紧凑式板翅换热器平直翅片的传热和流动阻力进行了试验研究,分析比较平直翅片间距、翅片高度、翅片长度对其传热和流动阻力的影响。结果表明,翅片间距对传热和流动阻力影响较小,而翅片长度和高度对其传热和流动阻力有重要影响。同时对11种翅片的220个试验数据点进行了j因子和f因子的试验关联式拟合,拟合关联式的误差范围为±10%。     

Antihypertensive Effects of IGTGIPGIW Peptide Purified from Hippocampus abdominalis: p-eNOS and p-AKT Stimulation in EA.hy926 Cells and Lowering of Blood Pressure in SHR Model

The aim of this study was to assess the potential hypertensive effects of the IGTGIPGIW peptide purified from Hippocampus abdominalis alcalase hydrolysate (HA) for application in the functional food industry. We investigated the antihypertensive effects of IGTGIPGIW in vitro by assessing nitric oxide production in EA.hy926 endothelial cells, which is a major factor affecting vasorelaxation. The potential vasorelaxation effect was evaluated using 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein diacetate, a fluorescent stain. IGTGIPGIW significantly increased the expression of endothelial-derived relaxing factors, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase and protein kinase B, in EA.hy926 cells. Furthermore, oral administration of IGTGIPGIW significantly lowered the systolic blood pressure (183.60 ± 1.34 mmHg) and rapidly recovered the diastolic blood pressure (143.50 ± 5.55 mmHg) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model in vivo. Our results demonstrate the antihypertensive activity of the IGTGIPGIW peptide purified from H. abdominalis and indicate its suitability for application in the functional food industry.     

林木冻害调查研究

1982年度冬,云南出现了历史上少有的冷冬气候,至使多种林木遭受冻害。不仅林木生长量和林产品受到巨大的损失,还造成了苗木的大量死亡或严重受害。     

Selection of Tolerant Plants and Their Arrangement to Restore a Forest Ecosystem Damaged by Air Pollution

Plants tolerant to polluted environments were selected, based on several criteria, to restore a coastal forest ecosystem severely damaged by air pollutants discharged from an industrial complex. In addition, a restoration plan was prepared synthesizing these results and the diagnostic ecological indicators in the area for which restoration is required. Pollution-tolerant plants of 11 tree and subtree species, 10 herb species and one shrub species were selected from field surveys in the vicinity of two representative industrial complexes in Korea, Ulsan and Yeocheon. Nine species were selected for tolerance to SO₂ fumigation and six species were selected for tolerance to Al³⁺. Growth and photosynthetic responses of sample plants transplanted into polluted and unpolluted sites showed that 15 species out of the 26 sample plants showed a disposition for tolerance. Most of these are endemic plants and they are composed of diverse species in structure and function. This result implies that these tolerant species could play important roles in the restoration of the study area, which has several specific features. On the other hand, results from transplant tests indicate that a field survey is the most reasonable method for selection of tolerant plants to restore a pollution-damaged ecosystem, as was shown in another restoration program. Results of ecological analysis on vegetation map indicate that the spatial range within the first ridge is the sector for which restoration is required. This sector was classified into four zones on the basis of topographic conditions: lower and upper slopes of both slopes facing and opposite the pollution source. Guidelines for soil amelioration and arrangement of tolerant plants were prepared considering the degree of vegetation degradation, leaf damage of major plant species and soil pollution in each zone under the restoration plan.     

Wood ash fertilization alters the forest humus Archaea community

The combined and separate effects of Cd and wood ash on Archaea from coniferous forest humus were studied in a microcosm experiment. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of the denaturing gradient gel analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplified 0.9 kb 16S ribosomal DNA fragments revealed changes in archaeal communities due to the ash treatments. Cd with or without ash did not further influence the result. Representatives of the ash and control communities were cloned, grouped by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and finally sequenced. All sequences belonged to non-thermophilic Crenarchaea.     

碱性土壤基因组DNA的分离纯化和基因文库的构建

直接从广西南宁市凤凰纸业排污沟碱性土壤样品中抽提和分离纯化混合基因组DNA，所获得DNA的产量为每克土壤样品10～30pg。采用限制性内切酶EcoR1酶处理后，构建了以pGEM-3Zf( )为载体的DNA部分文库。文库的容量为23650个转化子。外源片段DNA平均大小为3．2kb。建库效率为每克环境样品获得6000个左右的含1～15kb外源随机插入片段的克隆。通过DNA序列测定和同源性比较，对从文库随机词取的16个转化子序列进行分析，发现13个外源插入片段包含序列尚未确定的DNA片段。     

太阳自动跟踪系统中光电传感器的设计

针对现有光电传感器存在形式单一、跟踪精度不高、运行稳定性较差等不足,该文通过对光电传感器进行结构设计,设计了一种金字塔式和箱体式嵌套的粗-精跟踪光电传感器,其中箱体式可拆卸、单独使用,其内部的凹面镜利用反射作用有效减小了箱体高度,保证了跟踪过程中的跟踪精度和运行稳定性。在对该传感器的电路进行设计时,选取四运放集成电路LM324为核心,利用其比较作用来控制电机驱动执行机构,从而使聚光系统对准太阳。利用MATLAB/Simulink对模糊PID（proportional integration differentiation,比例-积分-微分）控制器建模和仿真,与PID控制相比,模糊PID控制曲线的响应时间较短,在0.1 s时给系统一个宽度为0.1的矩形脉冲干扰,在0.1～0.2 s之间系统的响应曲线、控制误差的响应曲线以及控制器的输出变化曲线呈现不同的变化;在0.2 s时,均达到稳定状态。通过分析可知,无论是否存在干扰,该控制方法均能使控制器迅速达到稳定状态,减少系统响应时间,从而减少系统的运行成本。该研究为太阳自动跟踪系统的稳定运行和跟踪精度的提高提供了参考。     

发酵脱氢产氢过程对微生物铁还原的影响

发酵型微生物是铁还原菌中的主要类群,但其发酵产氢过程对铁还原的作用尚不清楚,为此采用接种水稻土浸提液混合培养的方法对微生物分别利用葡萄糖、丙酮酸盐和乳酸盐为碳源时,Fe（Ⅲ）还原过程中脱氢酶活性变化、培养体系pH、氢气分压及铁还原特征进行分析,探讨了发酵微生物脱氢产氢过程与微生物Fe（Ⅲ）还原的内在关系。结果表明：2种水稻土浸提液中的微生物均能够以葡萄糖为优势碳源进行脱氢、产氢及还原氧化铁,Fe（OH）,可以诱导脱氢酶的产生,利用葡萄糖时脱氢酶活性在厌氧培养的4-6d出现最大峰值,利用丙酮酸盐和乳酸盐时脱氢酶活性出现峰值的时间分别为培养的15d和21-22d,脱氢酶活性出现峰值的时间与最大铁还原速率Vmax显著负相关、与最大反应速率对应的时间zk存在显著正相关关系。脱氢产氢过程中产生的H＋导致培养体系pH的变化是影响铁还原过程的主要原因,培养体系pH与体系氢气分压及Fe（Ⅱ）累积量呈极显著负相关。微生物利用不同碳源产氢时,利用葡萄糖的产氢能力最高,丙酮酸盐次之,乳酸盐最低。Fe（OH）3的加入增加了氢气的消耗量,培养体系氢气分压与Fe（Ⅱ）累积量存在极显著正相关关系。     

The uptake,distribution, and accumulation of 15N-labelled ammonium and nitrate nitrogen top-dressed at different growth stages of rice

A pot experiment with soil culture was carried out to trace ¹⁵N-labelled nitrogen top-dressed at different growth stages of rice. The study involves the use of a modified vacuum system for determining total nitrogen by gu volumetric measurement, and the N₂ gas sampled in the discharge tube was analysed for nitrogen-15 by the optical spectrographic technique.

The plants took up more nitrogen from (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄ than from Na¹⁵NO₃, irrespective of the stage of dressing, and the uptake of both forms was much higher when the planta were top-dressed at the young panicle formation stage as compared with the later dressings. At full maturity the plants had the highest accumulation of labelled nitrogen from both ammonium and nitrate sources when they are top-dressed at the young panicle formation stage. More than 80% ot the labelled nitrogen taken up by the plants waa distributed in the brown rice and this trend was more remarkable when top-dressing was carried out at the milk stage. The distribution patterns of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen were similar in brown rice but differed in leaves and stem.

Nitrogen transported from other parts to the panicle was utilized for the formation ot the husk until the booting stage, and then for brown rice development. With the completeness of husk formation, at the milk stage, nitrogen transported to the grain might have been utilized for brown rice development more rapidly. In the brown rice, nitrogen from ammonium was translocated maximally to the inner part of the endosperm from dressing at the booting stage, and to the embryo from that at the milk stage, whereas that from nitrate was translocated maximally to the embryo from the dressings at both stages.     

Aerobic soil metabolism of a new herbicide,LGC-42153

To elucidate the fate of a new sulfonylurea herbicide, LGC-42153 [N-((4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl)-2-(1-methoxyacetoxy-2-fluoropropyl)-3-pyridinesulfonamide], in soil, an aerobic soil metabolism study was carried out for 120 days with [(14)C]LGC-42153 applied to a loamy soil. The material balance ranged from 90.7 to 101.5% of applied herbicide. The half-life of [(14)C]LGC-42153 was calculated to be approximately 9.0 days. The degradation products resulted from the cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge. The metabolites identified during the study were N-((4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl)-2-(1-hydroxy-2-fluoropropyl)-3-pyridinesulfonamide, 2-(1-hydroxy-2-fluoropropyl)-3-pyridinesulfonamide, and 4,6-dimethoxy-2-aminopyrimidine. No significant volatile products or [(14)C]carbon dioxide was observed during the study. Nonextractable (14)C-residue reached 14.4-30.5% of applied material at 120 days after treatment, and radioactivity was distributed mostly in the humin and fulvic acid fractions.