Untersuchungen zur Übertragung von Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus auf gesunde Kartoffelknollen

Zusammenfassung In den Jahren 1999 bis 2003 wurde in Freiland-, Klimakammer- und Lagerungsversuchen überprüft, ob ein Risiko für die Übertragung des Erregers der Bakteriellen Ringfäule der Kartoffel (Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus) besteht, wenn (a) gesunde Kartoffelknollen in Kontakt mit Maschinen und Geräten kommen, die mit dem Erreger kontaminiert sind (indirekter Kontakt) und (b) gesunde Kartoffelknollen direkt in Kontakt mit infizierten Knollen kommen (direkter Kontakt). Nach indirektem Kontakt konnte nur beim nachfolgenden Anbau der kontaminierten Knollen in der Klimakammer Befall in Kraut und Knollen festgestellt werden. Im Freiland konnte der Erreger, auch bei wiederholtem Nachbau der geernteten Knollen, nicht nachgewiesen werden. Nach direktem Kontakt und nachfolgendem Anbau der kontaminierten Knollen in der Klimakammer und im Freiland, wurde der Erreger in allen Fällen in den geerntete Knollen nachgewiesen. Befall im Kraut wurde nur in dem Klimakammerversuch und in einem Freilandversuch ermittelt. Wurden durch direkten Kontakt kontaminierte Knollen eingelagert, konnte der Erreger in allen untersuchten Knollen festgestellt werden. Insgesamt besteht ein hohes Risiko, dass gesunde Knollen infiziert werden, wenn oberflächliche Kontaminationen mit dem Erreger erfolgen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Infektionen steigt mit zunehmender Kontaminationsstärke.     

新一代植酸酶的经济效益

现已证明，在酵母中产生的一种新型的6-植酸酶比其他在市场上供应的植酸酶的效率至少高20％。因为6-植酸酶与其他商品化的植酸酶相比，可进一步减少无机磷源的使用，从而降低生产成本以及磷的污染。     

Computed tomography dacryocystography evaluation of the nasolacrimal apparatus

Computed tomography-dacryocystography (CT-DCG) was used to evaluate the nasolacrimal system in four patients (three dogs and one horse) that were admitted for evaluation of chronic epiphora, facial swelling, or facial trauma. The four patients are reviewed and the technique for performing CT-DCG is described. Additionally, the indications for this procedure are discussed. CT-DCG is advantageous because cross-sectional imaging provides superior resolution of the nasolacrimal apparatus and the relatively long, small-diameter, bony nasolacrimal canal in most veterinary patients.     

Comparative Study on Five Different Commercial Extenders for Boar Semen

Increasing interest in a longer preservation of diluted boar sperm raises questions in the field concerning the choice of the extender. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longevity of boar sperm extended in currently used commercial semen extenders. Three long-term extenders and two short-term extenders were compared for different semen quality parameters that can be assessed under routine laboratory conditions. Sperm morphology, motility, pH and bacteriological contamination were investigated during a 7-day period. The number of dead spermatozoa did not differ significantly among the extenders (p > 0.05). Sperm motility was not only related with storage period but most of all with pH, especially in long-term extenders. Differences between the different extenders were prominent (p < 0.05); the sperm preserved in only one long-term extender showed good motility during the whole test period. In all cases, the pH of the extended semen increased by 0.3-0.5 in the first days of storage and was significantly correlated with a decrease in motility. Bacteriological quality had no significant influence on motility or pH of the semen. In conclusion, we can state that in both short-term extenders and in only one long-term extender, sperm longevity, as evaluated by the parameters used in this study, was sufficient during the preservation period. To preserve the quality of diluted boar semen during long-term storage, the choice of the long-term extender is important. In addition, the monitoring of the pH of extended boar semen in our study emphasizes the importance of the buffering capacity of semen extenders.     

Material in the middle ear of dogs having magnetic resonance imaging for investigation of neurologic signs

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and potential significance of finding material in the middle ear of dogs having magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Of 466 MR studies reviewed, an increased signal was identified in the tympanic bulla in 32 (7%) dogs. Cavalier King Charles spaniels, Cocker spaniels, Bulldogs, and Boxers were over-represented compared to the population of dogs having MR imaging. Five (16%) dogs had definite otitis media and one (3%) had a meningioma invading the middle ear. Of the remaining dogs, 13 (41%) had possible otitis media and 13 (41%) had neurologic conditions apparently unrelated to otitis media. The most common appearance of material in the middle ear was isointense in T1-weighted images and hyperintense in T2-weighted images. There was no apparent correlation between the signal characteristics of the material and the diagnosis. Enhanced signal after gadolinium administration was observed affecting the lining of the bulla in dogs with otitis media and in dogs with unrelated neurologic conditions. In dogs without clinical signs of otitis media, finding an increased signal in the middle ear during MR imaging may reflect subclinical otitis media or fluid accumulation unrelated to inflammation. Brachycephalic dogs may be predisposed to this condition.     

Intramedullary Intervertebral Disk Extrusion in a Cat

Intervertebral disk extrusion is rarely reported in the cat. In this case, the clinical, radiologic, and magnetic resonance imaging findings of an acute intramedullary intervertebral disk extrusion in a 5-year-old domestic shorthaired cat are described. Radiographically, there was mineralized disk material within the vertebral canal. On magnetic resonance images, the disk material was found to be within the spinal cord. A linear disk trail extending from the disk space into the spinal cord may be specific for intramedullary disk extrusion.     

Cloning and characterization of a bovine genomic fragment homologous to epidermal growth factor genes

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent mitogen for a variety of cell types. The 53-amino acid mature EGF protein is encoded by sequences in exons 20 and 21 of a gene spanning over 110 kb. In this study, we report the cloning and characterization of 7.5 kb of bovine genomic sequence homologous to exon 19 through 21 from EGF genes from other mammalian species. The cloned gene fragment had an unusual sequence composition in the form of an in-frame TGA codon in the coding sequence. The sequence was expressed at low levels in kidney tissue and the corresponding cDNA contained the TGA codon. The level of similarity between the bovine exonic sequence and the human, porcine, murine, feline, and canine corresponding sequences varied from 64% to 73%; however, when only sequences encoding the mature EGF protein were compared, the level of similarity between the bovine sequence and the sequence from these species was 59% to 66%. The sequence similarity of the deduced mature protein was lower (34% to 39%) than the sequence similarity of the deduced propeptide. Although the cloned sequences could originate from a bovine EGF pseudogene, the possibility exists that they originate from the functional EGF gene. An as yet unidentified mechanism to by-pass the stop codon would allow the synthesis of a functional EGF protein. Alternatively, the cloned sequence could originate from an EGF-like gene.     

The Welfare of Laboratory Animals

Veterinary Research Communications -