Effect of fungicides on three vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Summary We studied the effects of field application rates of three fungicides on spore germination and root infection in three species of Glomus. Bavistin (carbendazim) prevented germination of spores of G. monosporum and G. mosseae whereas Calixin (tridemorph) had no effect. Tilt Turbo (propiconazole) inhibited spore germination less than Bavistin. Spores of G. geosporum germinated in the presence of all three fungicides. Foliar applications of Bavistin alone and in a triple-spray programme significantly reduced infection of all three Glomus species in wheat roots grown in conditions of low P availability (2 mg P 1^–1). Two fungicides with triazole derivatives, Sportak and Tilt Turbo, also decreased infection and the former significantly reduced spore production of all three Glomus species. Calixin-treated plants, however, showed increased infection levels, resulting in greater yields and greater foliar-P concentrations than control plants. Milgo (ethirimol) was not detrimental to the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) symbiosis when applied as a foliar spray.     

Bronchoesophageal fistula and transient megaesophagus in a dog

Bronchoesophageal fistula and megaesophagus were diagnosed in a dog. Within 2 days after surgical correction of the bronchoesophageal fistula, peristalsis in the thoracic portion of the esophagus returned to normal and the esophagus resumed its normal size. The cause of the fistula was attributed to damage from a foreign body. The cause of the transient megaesophagus likely was related to the bronchoesophageal fistula.     

Hyperostosis of the marrow cavity caused by misoprostol in CD-1 strain mice

Misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1, was administered to CD-1 mice daily by gavage for 21 months in a safety study. Hyperostosis of the marrow cavity in the sternum and femur was found predominantly in female mice of the medium (1,600 mcg/kg/day) and high dosage (16,000 mcg/kg/day) groups. Many of the mice with hyperostosis also had cystic ovaries and cystic endometrial hyperplasia indicative of hyperestrinism. It is postulated that the hyperostosis was the result not only of the effects of misoprostol but also of endogenous estrogen. Since misoprostol did not cause hyperostosis in either rats or dogs, it is probable that this effect in mice is unique.     

Treating farm dairy effluent with poly-ferric sulphate dramatically reduces phosphorus and E. coli leaching through subsurface drains—A physical drainage model study

Land application of farm dairy effluent (FDE) may lead to water contamination, by contaminants such as phosphorus (P) and E. coli. A new FDE treatment technology using poly-ferric sulphate (PFS) has been developed to recycle wastewater in FDE for washing the farmyard. A physical drainage model study was conducted to investigate the effect of treating FDE with PFS on phosphorus and E. coli leaching through model subsurface drains. Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and total phosphorus (TP) leaching losses from untreated effluent (FDE) averaged 3.48 kg P ha⁻¹ and 11.44 kg P ha⁻¹, respectively. The application of PFS-treated effluent (TE) resulted in significantly lower DRP and TP leaching losses at 0.24 kg P ha⁻¹ and 4.52 kg P ha⁻¹ for fresh TE and 0.27 kg P ha⁻¹ and 6.31 kg P ha⁻¹ for TE stored for 3 weeks before application (TE-S). Cumulative DRP lost to drainage water from the TE and TE-S treatments was 93.1% and 92.2% lower than that from the FDE treatments. Compared with the FDE treatment, there was a 98.27% and 99.99% reduction in E. coli in the drainage water from the TE and TE-S treatments. Plant biomass and P uptake were not affected by the effluent treatments. These results indicate that land application of PFS-treated effluent, fresh or stored, on drained pasture soils can produce significant environmental benefits by reducing the concentration and amount of P and E. coli in the drainage water, without adversely impacting plant growth.     

Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae AB infection in calves

Abstract

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Recent surveys carried out by the Veterinary Investigation Service in Britain (1959 Veterinary Investigation Service. 1959. Vet. Rec, 71: 777–777.  [Google Scholar], 1960 Veterinary Investigation Service. 1960. Vet. Rec., 72: 1240–1240.  [Google Scholar]) into the causes of mortality in pigs confirmed the general impression that, in spite of advances in therapy and prophylaxis during the last 20 years, the mortality rate in piglets below 8 weeks of age is still in the region of 25 per cent of live births, a figure depressingly similar to, and indeed somewhat above, that obtained by Menzies-Kitchin (1937 Menzies-Kitchin, A.W. 1937. J. agric Sci., 27: 611–611.  [Google Scholar], 1938 Menzies-Kitchin, A.W. 1938. Pig Breeders' Annual, 18: 35–35.  [Google Scholar]) before the war. The surveys also analysed all deaths by age groups, organs affected and aetiological agent, in an attempt to define as precisely as possible the disease problems in British pigs.     

Muscle degeneration and liver necrosis in the pig: Report of a natural outbreak

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Over the last 3 years four dogs with lesions on the neck have been referred by veterinarians to the Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Massey University and the Palmerston North Animal Health Laboratory.     

Myxomatosis

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Madam;–We the undersigned, are veterinarians who have worked in mixed veterinary practice with a cumulative work experience of many years. In this capacity we have undertaken responsibility for the care and treatment of many animals ranging from domestic pets through to production animals.