荒漠草原不同家庭牧场生产效率评价研究——以四子王旗为例

家庭牧场是草原牧区的主要生产经营单元,生产效率直接影响着牧场的经济效益,同时也是评价畜牧业可持续发展的重要指标之一。本研究基于四子王旗89户牧户的半结构调研问卷,依据草场面积划分为小型牧户(SH)、中型牧户(MH)、较大型牧户(RLH)和大型牧户(LH),通过构建以投入为导向、规模报酬可变的DEA-BCC模型、DEA-ost模型以及Tobit模型进行效率测算和影响因素分析。结果显示,内蒙古荒漠草原牧户的综合技术效率(0.764)处于较低水平,尤其是中小牧户的综合技术效率相对偏低,即在当前的技术及管理水平下,荒漠草原牧户的综合技术效率具有很大的提升空间;根据Tobit模型的回归结果,影响生产效率的主要因素是畜牧业支出比例和牧户载畜率,且畜牧业支出比例和牧户载畜率与技术效率和成本效率呈现显著负相关关系,因此,建议牧户通过减少家畜养殖成本投入、发展适度规模养殖、合理增加人工草地面积等方式提升牧场生产效率,以期实现家庭牧场的可持续发展。     

通辽市果树调查报告

通辽市现有果树总面积１．２４２９万ｈｍ＾２,已结果的占５５％,以苹果和梨占绝对优势。在树种和品种结构及管理上,都存在一些问题,本文对此进行阐述,提出了改进意见。     

Preliminary Trial: Motility Comparisons of a Unique Freezing Technology (UFT) to Liquid Nitrogen Mist Methodology for Cryopreservation of Porcine Spermatozoa

The motility outcomes of boar semen frozen with newly developed freezing techniques using a new unique freezing technology (UFT) compared with traditional liquid nitrogen methodology were investigated with the intent of improving current fertility outcomes using semen. The UFT is an electronically controlled cooling chamber that houses an organic fluid bath that can be maintained at temperatures below 0 degrees C without solidifying to freeze samples. Four ejaculates from four different boars were collected for this trial. Samples were handled consistently during the pre- and post-freeze processing. From each ejaculate, samples were separated into eight cryopreservation treatment groups, six UFT variations and two control liquid nitrogen groups, immediately before freezing, in replicates of two. After the initial cryopreservation was complete, all samples were stored in liquid nitrogen for at least 48 h. Post-thaw motilities and original motility return percentages were assessed on a random, individual-sample basis. After the initial evaluations, samples from two boars were recollected and frozen using the UFT for breeding purposes. Four sows were bred with the UFT frozen semen to confirm fertility capability. When assessing the individual UFT techniques, all of six UFT techniques had improved post-thaw motilities. However, treatments F (micro = 29%, return micro = 37%) and J (micro = 27%, return micro = 34%) showed the highest statistical improvement for post-thaw (p < 0.05) and original motility percent returns (p < 0.05) when compared with either the control cryo-tube (micro = 15%, return micro = 19%) or straw groups (micro = 12%, return micro = 16%). The UFT semen had a 50% conception rate, with an average of seven piglets from the sows that farrowed. Our preliminary data suggest a higher motility return with a slower pre-freeze phase below the freezing point before the acceleration to liquid nitrogen temperatures. The preliminary data suggest that the UFT could be utilized as a potential cryopreservation option for boar semen.     

High expression of Axl promotes clinical progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

AIM: To explore the expression and significance of receptor tyrosine kinase anexelekto (Axl) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the Axl protein expression of 78 patients with NPC and 32 patients with nasopharyngeal chronic inflammation (NPI). The correlations between the Axl protein levels and the clinical parameters of NPC patients were analyzed. NPC cells were cultured in vitro, and the expression of Axl in well differentiated CNE1 cells, poorly-differentiated CNE2Z cells and undifferentiated C666-1 cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining. After treatment of the CNE1and C666-1 cells with Axl specific inhibitor TP-0903, CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability, flow cytometry was adopted to analyze the cell cycle distribution, qPCR was used to examine the mRNA levels of Axl and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Western blot was used to examine the protein expression of Axl and p-Axl. RESULTS: Axl protein was localized in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. The rate of high expression of Axl in NPC was significantly higher than that in NPI (P<0.01). High Axl expression showed no correlations with NPC patients' age, gender and M stage, while positively correlated with the clinical stage, T stage and N stage (P<0.05). Axl protein showed a low level in the CNE1 cells, but showed a high level in CNE2Z and C666-1 cells. TP-0903 inhibited cell viability in concentration and time dependent manners. TP-0903 at 2 nmol/L showed significant inhibitory effects, as evidenced by arresting the cell cycle at G₀ phase and reducing Axl activity and PCNA expression. CONCLUSION: High expression of Axl promotes the clinical progress of NPC.TP-0903 significantly inhibits the viability of NPC cells, suggesting that Axl may be a valuable target in the NPC treatment.     

提高普通高校乒乓球专项课教学质量的体会与探索

根据乒乓球专项课的教学目的与任务以及多年的乒乓球训练与教学体会,提出了因材施教,分层次教学;发挥大学生智力优势促进教学;加强乒乓球基本动作和全面技术的练习与教学;加强乒乓球的教学比赛;加强乒乓球意识的培养以及加强课下练习和辅导的教学理念。使学生通过一年或两年的学习,掌握乒乓球基本技术,学会基本战术,了解乒乓球的理论知识以及比赛规则;调节身心,锻炼身体,培养学生对乒乓球运动的兴趣,为终身体育服务。     

The persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus on wool

SUMMARY Five Suffolk sheep, held in a high-security isolation room, were exposed for 2 hours to the aerosol of 3 mature pigs that had been infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), strain O₁-BFS. The fleeces of 3 of the sheep were contaminated with FMDV at 2 days post exposure (dpe), while at 5 dpe the fleeces of all 5 sheep were more extensively, and more heavily, contaminated. The persistence of FMDV on contaminated wool was examined in vitro using multiple 0.5 g samples of Merino wool that were each contaminated with one of 3 strains of FMDV in tissue-culture medium: O₁-BFS, O-Morocco (O-MOR 9/91) or an Asia 1 strain (TAI 1/90). Wool samples were held at either 4°C, 18°C or 37°C, and decay curves were established for each virus at each temperature. These curves predicted that O₁-BFS, O-MOR 9/91 and TAI 1/90 would fall below detect-able levels at 72, 70 and 48 days post contamination (pc), respectively, for wool stored at 4°C; at 11, 12 and 12 days pc, respectively, for wool stored at 18°C; and at 57, 68 and 33 hours pc, respectively, for wool stored at 37°C. For wool contaminated with O₁-BFS-infected sheep faeces, urine or blood, or with O₁-BFS-infected cattle saliva, decay curves predicted virus to persist for 5 to 11 days pc at 18°C. We demonstrated that the simulated scouring of FMDV-contaminated wool at 60° to 70°C would usually reduce virus to below detectable levels. The detergent component of the scouring process had little, if any, antiviral activity, and scouring at 20°C or 50°C had limited impact on FMDV titres . We recommend that either (1) simple storage of FMDV-contaminated wool for 4 weeks at temperatures of 18°C or higher, or (2) scouring of contaminated wool at 60° to 70°C would be sufficient to remove the threat of FMDV-contaminated wool being infectious to other animals .     

抛物线沙丘形态特征与土壤含水量和紧实度的关系研究

以库布齐沙漠南缘典型抛物线沙丘为研究对象,通过对沙丘土壤水分含量与紧实度的测量,分析了沙丘形态特征与土壤水分含量、紧实度的关系。结果表明,沙丘臂间平地水分含量与其周围本底值相似,高于沙丘其它地貌部位。沙丘土壤水分含量高的区域,紧实度较大,抗侵蚀能力较强。沙丘土壤水分含量、紧实度等物理性状特征也影响植被的发育与分布。     

卵泡生长发育及其调控的研究进展

综述了卵泡生长发育的动态模式,即卵泡经原始卵泡、初级卵泡、次级卵泡和窦腔卵泡发育至排卵卵泡的过程,着重阐述了卵泡生长发育过程中的调控机制,为进一步研究卵泡的生长、发育和排卵机制提供了理论基础。