Bericht über die Tagung der Sektion Pathologie vom 23.–27. Juni 1986 in Rennes,Frankreich

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Effect of 5 cm of Water Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on Arterial Oxygen Tension in Dogs During and After Thoracotomy

Thoracotomy in dogs often is associated with lower than expected arterial oxygen tensions (PaO₂). Pulmonary collapse from opening the thoracic cavity is likely to be responsible for decreased PaO₂ during thoracotomy. To examine whether positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is beneficial to dogs undergoing thoracotomy, PaO₂ and hemoglobin saturation (SaO₂) were measured in dogs randomly assigned to receive 5 cm of H₂O PEEP (n = 7) or no PEEP (n = 9). During surgery in both groups of dogs, PaO₂ progressively decreased ( P < .001), but the decrease in PaO₂ was significantly less in the PEEP group ( P = .027). In both groups, PaO₂ did not decrease enough to have a substantial effect on SaO₂. Furthermore, application of PEEP during thoracotomy did not prevent moderate hypoxemia after surgery and discontinuation of PEEP. Application of 5 cm of H₂O PEEP seems to attenuate the decrease in PaO₂ observed in dogs undergoing thoracotomy, but routine application of PEEP does not seem justified. ©     

Thoracoscopic pericardiotomy as a palliative treatment in a cow with pericardial lymphoma

A 5-year-old Holstein cow, pregnant with a valuable calf, was presented with signs of heart failure (tachycardia, peripheral edema, and distended jugular veins) related to pericardial lymphoma and associated cardiac tamponade. In addition, pleural effusion was present in both hemithoraces. Medical treatment, which consisted of repeated pericardiocenteses, placement of indwelling pleural catheters, administration of intravenous fluid therapy, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, was ineffective in controlling recurrence of clinical signs despite a temporary improvement. A standing thoracoscopic pericardiotomy was performed in an attempt to reduce clinical signs of heart failure and to prolong life. Clinical signs of heart failure abated and no recurrence was seen. Standing thoracoscopic pericardiotomy along with possible corticosteroids can be recommended as palliative treatment in an effort to extend life for reproductive performance in genetically valuable animals.     

A Comparison of Simple Continuous Versus Simple Interrupted Suture Patterns for Tracheal Anastomosis After Large-Segment Tracheal Resection in Dogs

Two suture techniques for tracheal anastomosis after large-segment tracheal resection were compared. Eight cartilages were resected from the trachea of each of 12 dogs; anastomoses with 4-0 polydioxanone suture were created using a simple continuous suture technique in six dogs and a simple interrupted suture technique in six dogs. Surgical time was shorter but apposition of tracheal segments at the time of surgery was less precise with the simple continuous suture technique. The dogs were evaluated for 150 days after surgery. Clinical abnormalities after tracheal resection and anastomosis were not observed. Percent dorsoventral luminal stenosis was calculated by measuring the tracheal lumen diameter on lateral cervical radiographs. Percent luminal stenosis was calculated planimetrically using a computerized digitizing tablet. Anastomotic stenosis was mild in all dogs; however, the mean percent luminal stenosis determined planimetrically was significantly greater for dogs that had the simple continuous suture technique. Planimetric measurements of cross-sectional area made before and after formalin fixation were not significantly different. Radiographic determination of percent dorsoventral luminal stenosis was a poor predictor of diminution of cross-sectional area determined planimetrically.     

Aural Cholesteatoma in Twenty Dogs

Objective— To determine the clinical course in dogs with aural cholesteatoma. Study Design— Case series. Animals— Dogs (n=20) with aural cholesteatoma. Methods— Case review (1998–2007). Results— Twenty dogs were identified. Clinical signs other than those of chronic otitis externa included head tilt (6 dogs), unilateral facial palsy (4), pain on opening or inability to open the mouth (4), and ataxia (3). Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 19 dogs, abnormalities included osteoproliferation (13 dogs), lysis of the bulla (12), expansion of the bulla (11), bone lysis in the squamous or petrosal portion of the temporal bone (4) and enlargement of associated lymph nodes (7). Nineteen dogs had total ear canal ablation–lateral bulla osteotomy or ventral bulla osteotomy with the intent to cure; 9 dogs had no further signs of middle ear disease whereas 10 had persistent or recurrent clinical signs. Risk factors for recurrence after surgery were inability to open the mouth or neurologic signs on admission and lysis of any portion of the temporal bone on CT imaging. Dogs admitted with neurologic signs or inability to open the mouth had a median survival of 16 months. Conclusions— Early surgical treatment of aural cholesteatoma may be curative. Recurrence after surgery is associated with advanced disease, typically indicated by inability to open the jaw, neurologic disease, or bone lysis on CT imaging. Clinical Relevance— Presence of aural cholesteatoma may affect the prognosis for successful surgical treatment of middle ear disease.     

Intracapsular Subtotal Prostatectomy in Normal Dogs: Use of an Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator

In an attempt to reduce postoperative incontinence associated with excisional prostatectomy and the recurrence of prostatic disease after less radical surgeries, a new technique for subtotal prostatectomy was developed using an ultrasonic surgical aspirator. During laparotomy, a longitudinal incision was made in the ventral surface of each lobe of the prostate gland. Biopsies for histology and culture were taken. Through the ventral incisions, the ultrasonic surgical aspirator     

Zum Geschlechtsverhältnis von Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera,Scolytidae) in Pheromonfallen

By means of barriere traps baited with two types ofIps typographus pheromone, Typolur and Pheroprax, nearly 240000 individuals were trapped between 1979 and 1981 in bohemian spruce stands. In the whole 64% (Typolur) resp. 61% (Pheroprax) of the beetles were females. At the beginning of the flying period the males predominated whereas some weeks later on the contrary the females were prevalent. The latter consisted of individuals founding sisterbroods. Up to 5.2% of females had lost their bristles showing that they already were through three egg laying periods.     

Aus der Vorratsschutz-Arbeit des Pflanzenschutzamtes Berlin. Tierische Schädlinge in Nahrungs- und Genußmitteln der Großlagerhaltung und Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen in den Jahren 1980–1986

Zusammenfassung Es wird über das Auftreten von 25 Vorratsschädlingen, darunter 17 Käfer- und 3 Mottenarten, in den Lägern der Bevorratungsabteilung des Senators für Wirtschaft und Arbeit, der sonstigen Großlagerhaltung sowie in den Vorräten privater Haushalte berichtet. Die häufigsten Schädlinge in der Großlagerei waren Brotkäfer (Stegobium paniceum L.) und Speichermotten (Ephestia elutella Hbn.). Für den Vorratsschutz interessante Fälle und besondere Arten werden ausführlicher behandelt. Außerdem wird ein Überblick über die Entwesungs- und Entseuchungsarbeiten gegeben, bei denen neben den Begasungsmitteln mit den Wirkstoffen Methylbromid, Phosphorwasserstoff und Blausäure auch Vorratsschutzmittel auf der Grundlage von Dichlorvos, Pyrethrum und Piperonylbutoxid in verschiedenen Anteilen eingesetzt werden.

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Stored products protection activities of the Plant Protection Office Berlin. Pests of foodstuffs and pest-control in warehouses from 1980 to 1986

It is reported about the appearance of 25 stored-product pests, within 17 species of beetles and 2 species of moths in warehouses of the Bevorratungsabteilung des Senators für Wirtschaft und Arbeit as well as in the other warehouses and private households. The drugstore bettle (Stegobium paniceum L.) and the warehouse moth (Ephestia elutella Hbn.) were the most common pests. Cases of special interest and particular species are described in detail. Also is given a survey about the pest-controlling measures carried out with poisongas as methylbromide, phosphine and hydrocyanic acid and with insecticides on basis of dichlorvos, pyrethrum and piperonylbutoxide.

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Mit einer Abbildung und 3 Tabellen