鸡舍空气真菌浓度空间分布规律的研究

采用撞击法(FA-1型6级Andersen空气采样器),自然沉降法对冬季雏鸡舍气溶胶真菌进行采样,所用培养基为PDA和RBC,采样时间5 min,采样高度分别为0 m(鸡舍地面),1 m(鸡群密度较大高度),1.5m(人体呼吸高度).结果共鉴定出18个属,其中优势菌群有曲霉属(Aspergillus)、青霉属(Penicillium)和木霉属(Trichoderma).研究显示,采用撞击法时两种培养基的真菌浓度均随采样高度的升高而增加,PDA中CMD值在1 m处最小,RBC中CMD值随采样高度的升高而减小.沉降法时两种培养基的真菌浓度均在1 m处最高.     

DIAGNOSTIC SENSITIVITY OF ULTRASOUND,RADIOGRAPHY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR GENDER DETERMINATION IN FOUR SPECIES OF LIZARDS

Gender determination is frequently requested by reptile breeders, especially for species with poor or absent sexual dimorphism. The aims of the current study were to describe techniques and diagnostic sensitivities of ultrasound, radiography, and computed tomography for gender determination (identification of hemipenes) in four species of lizards. Nineteen lizards of known sex, belonging to four different species (Pogona vitticeps, Uromastyx aegyptia, Tiliqua scincoides, Gerrhosaurus major) were prospectively enrolled. With informed owner consent, ultrasound, noncontrast CT, contrast radiography, and contrast CT (with contrast medium administered into the cloaca) were performed in conscious animals. Imaging studies were reviewed by three different operators, each unaware of the gender of the animals and of the results of the other techniques. The lizard was classified as a male when hemipenes were identified. Nineteen lizards were included in the study, 10 females and nine males. The hemipenes were seen on ultrasound in only two male lizards, and appeared as oval hypoechoic structures. Radiographically, hemipenes filled with contrast medium appeared as spindle‐shaped opacities. Noncontrast CT identified hemipenes in only two lizards, and these appeared as spindle‐shaped kinked structures with hyperattenuating content consistent with smegma. Hemipenes were correctly identified in all nine males using contrast CT (accuracy of 100%). Accuracy of contrast radiography was excellent (94.7%). Accuracy of ultrasound and of noncontrast CT was poor (64.3% and 63.1%, respectively). Findings from the current study supported the use of contrast CT or contrast radiography for gender determination in lizards.     

双重PCR检测马铃薯晚疫病和环腐病方法的建立

通过克隆马铃薯环腐病菌和晚疫病菌转录间隔区(ITS)序列,并对测序结果进行同源性比较,选取差异位点分别设计了两对引物P.IN1/P.IN2和C.IN1/C.IN2,并检测了引物的特异性及方法的灵敏度。引物P.IN1/P.IN2可扩增出1条363bp马铃薯晚疫病菌的特异性条带,在DNA水平上其灵敏度达18fg/μL;引物C.IN1/C.IN2可扩增出1条218bp马铃薯环腐病菌的特异性条带,在细菌数上检测灵敏度为104 cfu/mL。混合这两对引物构建双重PCR反应体系,能从马铃薯环腐病菌和晚疫病菌的混合DNA及感染这两种菌的马铃薯植株中同时扩增到363bp和218bp的特异片段。实现了同时对马铃薯晚疫病菌和环腐病菌的快速可靠检测。     

20%咪鲜胺·异菌脲悬浮剂的高效液相色谱分析

本文采用高效液相色谱法分析20%咪鲜胺·异菌脲悬浮剂,使用C18反相柱和紫外可变波长检测器,以甲醇 水为流动相,用外标法对有效成分进行分析和定量。咪鲜胺和异菌脲标准偏差分别为0.055和0.021变异系数分别为0.53%和0.19%。平均回收率分别为98.95%和99.10%。     

猪捷申病毒Swine/CH/IMH/03分离株细胞适应性和致病性研究

为确定猪捷申病毒(PTV)Swine/CH/IMH/03株的易感细胞系及其致病性,本实验将该病毒接种不同细胞,通过细胞病变、电子显微镜观察和PCR技术进行鉴定。并进一步将该病毒回归本动物鉴定其致病性。试验结果表明,PTV Swine/CH/IMH/03对IB-RS-2和PK-15细胞系敏感,能够在IB-RS-2和PK-15细胞系中增殖。致病性试验结果显示,Swine/CH/IMH/03分离株能够导致实验猪出现神经症状,剖检可见脑、肾、脾、肠道发生出血,病理组织学检查可见脑实质内胶质细胞浸润、肾脏间质小血管淤血、脾淋巴细胞减少、小肠伴有出血及淋巴细胞浸润等病理变化,对仔猪具有强致病性。     

猪捷申病毒Swine/CH/IMH/03株免疫原性的研究

为确定猪捷申病毒(Porcine Teschovirus,PTV)Swine/CH/IMH/03株免疫原性,本研究将该PTV分离株灭活后分别与氢氧化铝佐剂和Montanide ISA 50V2佐剂混合,制成油佐剂疫苗,并采用不同免疫程序接种实验猪后对病毒抗体进行检测。抗体检测结果表明:PTV Swine/CH/IMH/03分离株能够诱导实验动物产生较高抗体水平,并显著高于对照组;与氢氧化铝佐剂混合制成的佐剂疫苗免疫效果优于Montanide ISA 50V2佐剂;而且一次免疫组与二次免疫组没有明显差异。通过PTV Swine/CH/IMH/03株免疫原性的研究,为后续猪捷申病的预防工作提供技术支持。     

辽宁绒山羊CSN3基因PCR-RFLP多态性分析

本试验以辽宁绒山羊和内蒙古绒山羊为实验动物,采用PCR-RFLP技术对-酪蛋白基因(CSN3)片段的Ⅰ的酶切多态性进行分析,结果表明:辽宁绒山羊和内蒙古绒山羊2个山羊群体中均存在CSN3基因Ⅰ酶切位点的多态性,且均有A、B两个等位基因。辽宁绒山羊群体等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0.46和0.54;内蒙古绒山羊群体中等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0.31和0.69。CSN3基因Ⅰ酶切位点的基因型分布在辽宁绒山羊群体中极显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡定理(<0.01),在内蒙古绒山羊群体中符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定理(>0.05),但两个群体间存在显著差异(<0.01)。     

Occurrence of Grapevine Pinot gris virus in Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy): field monitoring and virus quantification by real‐time RT‐PCR

Since 2003 the presence of a new syndrome characterized by symptoms of stunting, chlorotic mottling, leaf deformation, reduced yields and quality has been reported in some white berry varieties of Vitis vinifera in Trentino‐Alto Adige and Friuli Venezia Giulia vineyards. The identification of a new virus, provisionally called Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV), in a cv. Pinot gris vine suggested an association between this new syndrome and the virus presence (Giampetruzzi et al., 2012), however the contemporary presence of GPGV in both symptomatic and asymptomatic plants has still to be explained. In this work, a large‐scale monitoring over a 3‐year period (2012–14) of Friuli Venezia Giulia vineyards and nurseries has shown a widespread presence of GPGV in symptomatic plants and also in asymptomatic vines, even if at a slightly lower percentage. Quantitative analyses of the virus titer revealed a great variability in the viral content of both symptomatic and asymptomatic plants but the mean GPGV quantity in symptomatic vines was significantly higher than in asymptomatic plants.