5TYS280玉米脱粒清选试验台的设计研究

我国夏播玉米主要集中在黄淮海地区,其生长期短、收获时籽粒含水率高,直接脱粒收获易造成籽粒破碎,脱净率与籽粒破碎率和含杂率之间的矛盾,作业质量较难保证。目前,针对高含水率玉米脱粒清选装置的系统理论与试验研究均较少,因此设计开发了一种玉米脱粒清选试验台。其主要由机架、脱粒分离装置、清选装置、输送装置、电机控制及转速数据采集系统等部件组成。以籽粒破碎率和含杂率为评价指标,通过调整滚筒转速、滚筒倾角、凹板间隙、筛网倾角、曲轴转速及风机转速等关键因素水平,进行单因素多水平试验及多因素多水平正交试验,确定高含水率玉米脱粒清选装置的最佳参数组合,为玉米籽粒收获机脱粒清选部件设计、改进及参数选择提供依据。     

4YZP-4X自走式玉米收获机的设计研究

我国玉米收获机普遍存在可靠性低、适应性差、可操控性低及自动化水平落后等问题,不能满足玉米收获季节性强、劳动强度高、作业量大等实际作业需求。液压系统具有布置紧凑、操作方便、故障率低等优点,非常适合应用于结构形态多变、工作条件恶劣的农业机械。为此,结合目前玉米生产现状和现有技术装备,设计了一种静液压驱动自走式玉米收获机,可一次性完成摘穗、输送、剥皮和秸秆切碎还田等作业。田间性能试验结果表明:该机操控简单、可靠性高,主要性能指标均达到或优于国家标准。     

探析发动机气缸套磨损的原因及预防措施

气缸套作为发动机气缸的重要组成部分,在工作过程中的快速磨损,将会影响到发动机的正常寿命.文章阐述了引起气缸套磨损的三种情况:结构原因、使用不当、维修操作不当.在此基础上,提出了预防减少气缸套磨损的措施:正确起动发动机;正确选用润滑油;加强滤清器的保养;保持发动机正常工作温度.     

水分亏缺对不同小麦品种N、P、K分布与产量的影响

为明确华北地区不同小麦品种在正常和缺水条件下N、P、K的吸收利用特点,进一步实现资源高效利用,选用3个不同生态类型品种(沧麦6001、邯麦9、济麦22),设置相对含水量分别为60%~80%(正常)和40%~60%(亏缺)两个浇灌水平,进行人工气候室箱体栽培试验,测定各小麦品种不同器官N、P、K含量和分配、干物质积累以及对籽粒产量构成要素的影响。结果表明,N、P、K含量和分配具有明显的器官特性,其中籽粒N和P含量显著高于其他部位,K含量最低。水分亏缺限制了沧麦6001籽粒N和K的吸收,同时促进了N和P向籽粒的转运;限制了邯麦9茎秆K的吸收,促进了P向颖壳的转运;限制了济麦22叶片、籽粒P的吸收,同时促进了N向颖壳和籽粒的转运,从而改变了小麦不同部位养分比例平衡以及干物质积累。N、P含量与干物质积累呈显著正相关,K含量与其呈显著负相关,但均未直接影响产量及其构成要素。亏缺灌溉下(亏缺量为24.39mm),邯麦9穗数、产量及济麦22穗数显著降低,而沧麦6001穗数、穗粒数和产量显著提高。因此,适度控制水分并提高营养元素向籽粒的转运效率是提高小麦产量和品质的重要途径。     

High water content silk protein-based hydrogels with tunable elasticity fabricated via a Ru(II) mediated photochemical cross-linking method

Silk is very promising in the field of biomaterials as a natural biomacromolecule. Silk protein can be made into various forms of materials, including hydrogels. However, silk protein-based hydrogels have not attracted much attention due to its weak mechanical properties. Here, we report high water content silk protein-based hydrogels with tunable elasticity which were fabricated through Ru(II) mediated photochemically cross-linking tyrosine residues in regenerated silk protein. The regenerated silk protein was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The gelation kinetics of the silk protein was studied by rheology measurements. The compressive mechanical properties of the silk protein-based hydrogels was investigated using compressive tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Compressive modulus of the hydrogels reached 349±64 MPa at 15 % strain. The fabricated silk protein-based hydrogels were also characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing an interconnected porous network structure, typical of hydrogels, with an average pore size of approximately 130 μm. Finally, biocompatibility of the silk protein-based hydrogels was demonstrated through cell culture studies using a human fibroblast cell line, HFL1. The reported silk protein-based hydrogels represent a promising candidate for biomaterial applications.     

Assessing seed desiccation responses of native trees in the Caribbean

New Forests - Native trees from the Caribbean were tested for seed desiccation responses, by adapting the “100-seed test” protocol. Ninety-seven seed lots of 91 species were collected...     

Dynamics of Integration between Chinese and International Waste Paper Markets

ABSTRACT

China is the largest importer of waste paper in the world and is highly dependent on the international market. Thus, the relationship between Chinese and international waste paper markets affects the supply of fiber materials in China’s paper industry. This study examined the dynamic relationship between the two markets and the impact of newly implemented policies on both markets. We used unit root tests, cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM) and frequency-domain Granger causality test to investigate the integration between Chinese and international waste paper markets and identify which of the two markets is the price leader. The results revealed that the two markets were integrated after controlling for structural breaks, and the Chinese market acted as the price leader. Since the supply of waste paper and wood pulp is insufficient in China to meet the fiber demand of the paper industry, waste paper import restrictions have significantly affected the supply of fiber materials in China’s paper industry. Therefore, the Chinese government should fully consider the benefit of market integration and make full use of international waste paper resources to satisfy the large domestic demand for paper products.     

明胶骨原料碳、氮稳定同位素的地域性差异研究

为探讨不同地域来源的明胶骨原料中碳、氮稳定同位素的分布特征及其相关性,本试验采用元素分析-稳定同位素比率质谱仪测定了广西、内蒙古和山东3个主产区的牛骨样品及当地牧草饲料样品中的¹³C和¹⁵N同位素组成,并结合线性回归讨论了牛骨样品中δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值的相关性与牛食谱组成的关系。结果表明,广西地区骨样品中δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值的相关性较好(R²=0.401 8),而内蒙古和山东地区骨样品中δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值的相关性较差(R²<0.1),反映了3地牛食物的来源稳定性及主要成分存在明显差异,对各地牛食谱结构推测的结果与实际牧草饲料样品中δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值的地区分布规律也较为一致。本研究初步揭示了明胶骨原料中碳、氮稳定同位素产生地域性差异的原因,不仅为动物生态学研究提供了有益信息,更为动物制品产地溯源研究提供了新思路。     

钾肥对甘薯块根营养成分的影响及其与烘烤风味的关系

  【目的】  探讨不同施钾量条件下食用型甘薯块根烘烤后风味品质的变化,及其与生块根中关键营养成分和烘烤后特征挥发性物质的关系。  【方法】  选用烟薯25和北京553两个鲜食型甘薯品种,在山东农业大学农学实验站进行田间小区试验。设置4个钾肥 (K₂O) 用量,分别为0、12、24、36 g/m2。在甘薯收获期,测定了块根中主要营养成分含量以及烘烤后挥发性物质含量,同时对块根烘烤后的风味进行评价。  【结果】  施用钾肥不同程度地提高了甘薯块根中可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、β-胡萝卜素和纤维素含量,提高了烘烤后甘薯中挥发物质二丙酮醇、苯乙醛、壬酸、4-乙烯基愈创木酚、丁酸丁酯、未知物-1、十五烷酸、植物醇和香叶基香叶醇的浓度,提高了风味评分。4个钾肥处理中,各成分含量以施钾量24 g/m2处理达到或者接近最高。通过逐步回归和通径分析发现,施用钾肥改善块根烘烤后风味品质的关键营养成分是果糖、葡萄糖、氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质、支链淀粉和蔗果三糖,施用钾肥改善块根烘烤后风味的主要特征挥发性物质是丁酸丁酯、苯乙醛和未知物-1。  【结论】  施用钾肥主要通过提高甘薯收获期块根中营养物质含量和块根烘烤后有益挥发性物质（如苯乙醛、丁酸丁酯等）的浓度,改善块根的烘烤风味。在本试验条件下,K₂O用量为240 kg/hm2为最适用量。     

残塬沟壑区果园复合种植对土壤动物群落特征的影响

为了解苹果复合种植即果-蔬[MB]、果-草[MH]、果-荒[MW]、果-粮[MZ]模式下土壤动物群落结构特征,采用手拣法和改良干、湿生漏斗法,对黄土残塬沟壑区苹果园4种复合种植模式下的土壤动物群落组成及特征进行调查研究。4种模式下共分离得到土壤动物57.33百只/m~2,隶属4门11纲23目42个类群。4种复合种植模式下土壤动物个体密度和类群数的垂直分布特征表现出明显的表聚特征,水平分布特征表现为果-草[MH]果-蔬[MB]果-荒[MW]≥果-粮[MZ]。果-草[MH]复合种植模式下土壤动物的多样性指数、均匀度指数及丰富度指数最高,优势度指数最低,表明4种复合种植模式对果园土壤动物类群多样性的影响呈现不同的特征。研究结果可为黄土残塬沟壑区苹果果园生物多样性保护提供土壤动物生态学依据。