2004年我国种用植物产品进出口贸易分析

随着我国农业生产水平的不断提高和植物产品知识产权保护意识的日益增强,近年来我国种用植物产品的贸易规模在扩大.2004年我国种用植物产品贸易总额19 346.15万美元,其中从57个国家和地区进口了40类种用植物产品,进口总额13 225.36万美元;向69个国家和地区出口了46类种用植物产品,出口总额6 120.79万美元.2003年种用植物产品进出口贸易总额16 485.45万美元（进口11 899.98万美元,出口4 585.47万美元）.同比2003、2004年我国种用植物产品贸易总额增加17.4%,其中进口增加11.1%,出口增加33.5%.总的说来,进口和出口的规模都在扩大,但出口增幅显著.     

植物营养液对树木嫩枝扦插和水培的影响

以金叶莸嫩枝和河北杨2年生枝条为试验材料,复合配制3种不同配方植物营养液分别处理金叶莸嫩枝插穗,对河北杨枝条进行水培。结果表明,Ⅲ号营养液处理金叶莸嫩枝扦插生根量最多,Ⅱ号次之,Ⅰ号最少;Ⅰ号配方植物营养液对插穗生根的根长促进作用最强;3种配方植物营养液在河北杨枝条水培过程中均有利于叶绿素的合成和减缓叶片失水速率,其中Ⅱ号的作用最强,Ⅰ号次之,Ⅲ号较弱。       

新疆塔里木盆地蒸发力的研究

本文首先对国内外蒸发力的计算方法进行了较全面的评述，然后利用Ｐｅｎｍａｎ法的修正式计算了塔里木。盆地的蒸发力，最后分析了该地区蒸发力的分布特征。     

An artificial oyster‐shell reef for the culture and stock enhancement of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus,in shallow seawater

Because of its high nutritional value and health benefits, aquaculture production of Apostichopus japonicus in China is the largest of any single species. Therefore, the development of new farming methods is of considerable significance. In this study, discarded oyster shells have been used to create an artificial reef for the culture of this species. The results have shown that from 6th March 2009 to 26th November 2009, the wet weight of sea cucumber increased from 49.57 ± 1.16 to 79.87 ± 1.46 g ind^?1. Between 16th July and 18th October, the specific growth rate and daily weight gain of A. japonicus differed significantly from other periods. Population density was higher within the reef compared with outside the reef area, and the difference was significant (P < 0.01). The maximum distance between A. japonicus individuals within the reef area on 3rd March and 16th July was 65.0 ± 3.3 and 62.9 ± 4.4 cm, respectively, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The diatom species attached to the oyster shells were similar to those found in the stomach content of A. japonicus. In conclusion, the oyster‐shell reef provides a suitable habitat and shelter for the culture of the sea cucumber, A. japonicus.     

基因型和环境对小麦烘烤品质的影响

利用１２个小麦品种在５个地点的试验结果，分析了品种、环境以及品种与环境的互作对小麦烘烤品质的影响，结果表明：品种、环境以及品种与环境的互作对小麦烘烤品质都有显著影响，品种和地点的互作效应在同一品种不同地点间是不同的，在较差的环境下，也有表现好的品种。不同环境下，烘烤品质指标的变化大于籽粒蛋白质含量的变化，小麦品种品质的评价，不仅应考虑其蛋白质含量在不同地点之间的变化，更重要的是研究最终加工品质的变     

Identification and validation of a yield-enhancing QTL cluster in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Improvement of rice grain yield (YD) is an important goal in rice breeding. YD is determined by its related traits such as spikelet fertility (SF), 1,000-grain weight (TGW), and the number of spikelets per panicle (SPP). We previously mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for SPP and TGW using the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the crosses between Minghui 63 and Teqing. In this study, four QTLs for SF and four QTLs for YD were detected in the RILs. Comparison of the locations of QTLs for these three yield-related traits identified one QTL cluster in the interval between RM3400 and RM3646 on chromosome 3. The QTL cluster contained three QTLs, SPP3a, SF3 and TGW3a, but no YD QTL was located there. To validate the QTL cluster, a BC₄F₂ population was obtained, in which SPP3a, SF3 and TGW3a were simultaneously mapped to the same region. SPP3a, SF3 and TGW3a explained 36.3, 29.5 and 59.0 % of phenotype variance with additive effect of 16.4 spikelets, 6 % SF and 1.8 g grain weight, respectively. In the BC₄F₂ population, though the region has opposite effects on TGW and SPP/SF, a YD QTL YD3 identified in this cluster region can increase 4.6 g grains per plant, which suggests this QTL cluster is a yield-enhancing QTL cluster and can be targeted to improve rice yield by marker aided selection.     

三种影响条件下黄河源区高寒草地土壤物理及力学性质

为探讨放牧和鼠害对黄河源区高寒退化草地土壤物理力学性质的影响,该研究选取位于黄河源区青海河南县高寒草地作为研究区,分别设置禁鼠、禁牧和自然3种影响条件,并将草地依次划分为未退化、轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化4种退化类型。通过测定3种影响条件下4种退化类型草地的土壤含水率、密度、含根量、黏聚力和内摩擦角,分析3种影响条件对不同退化类型草地土壤物理力学性质的影响;采用灰色关联分析法探讨不同退化类型草地土壤含水率、密度、含根量对土壤黏聚力的影响程度。结果表明：随着草地退化程度加剧,土壤含水率、含根量及黏聚力均呈逐渐降低的变化趋势,而土壤密度则呈逐渐增大的变化趋势。进一步研究表明,同一退化类型草地,土壤黏聚力由大至小依次为禁鼠、禁牧和自然条件,且禁鼠条件土壤黏聚力显著大于自然条件（P<0.05）;未退化和轻度退化草地,土壤黏聚力与含根量间的关联度相对较高,关联度为0.706～0.778,而中度退化和重度退化草地,土壤黏聚力与密度和含水率间的关联度相对较大,关联度分别为0.586～0.785和0.622～0.779。研究结果对于科学有效防治黄河源区高寒草地退化及其所引起的水土流失、浅层滑坡等灾害现象的发生,具有实际指导意义。     

黄河三角洲盐碱地人工林土壤肥力质量的综合评价

以黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地柽柳、杜梨、盐柳、白蜡人工林为研究对象,未造林荒地为对照,对不同人工林的土壤养分、土壤酶活性进行测定,利用隶属函数分析法对不同人工林的土壤肥力进行综合评价。结果表明:与对照荒地相比,各人工林平均土壤有机质、铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾质量分数,分别提高了177.89%、76.47%、757.74%、32.76%、30.13%;土壤中磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性,比对照荒地分别提高了47.09%,11.52%,41.07%,76.00%;土壤肥力综合评价分值,从大到小依次为白蜡(0.777)、杜梨(0.694)、柽柳(0.572)、盐柳(0.436)、荒地(0.030)。     

Cryopreservation of strip spawned sperm using non‐programmable freezing technique in the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

In this study, a non‐programmable freezing technique has been developed with the strip spawned blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) sperm. The key parameters optimized including (1) cryoprotectant agents (CPAs); (2) cooling temperature; (3) thawing temperature; (4) sugar and amino acid supplementation and (5) sperm to egg ratio. The fertilization rate and/or integrity of plasma membrane and acrosome were used as sperm quality assessment indicators. The highest post‐thaw sperm fertilization rate of 95% was achieved, when sperm were cryopreservated in 8% dimethyl sulfoxide at 7.8 cm above the liquid nitrogen surface and thawed in a 60°C seawater bath. The addition of glucose, sucrose or trehalose in dimethyl sulfoxide did not, whereas 0.8% glycine did significantly improve the post‐thaw sperm fertilization rates. The fluorescent evaluation has demonstrated that the addition of glycine significantly improved the post‐thaw sperm acrosome integrity, revealing a positive role of glycine in the improvement of post‐thaw sperm quality in blue mussels.     

融合2D-3D卷积特征识别哺乳母猪姿态转换

母猪姿态转换影响仔猪存活率,且动作幅度与持续时间存在差异,准确识别难度大。该研究提出一种融合2D-3D卷积特征的卷积网络（2D+3D-CNet,2D+3D Convolutional Network）识别深度图像母猪姿态转换。以视频段为输入,引入注意力机制SE模块和3D空洞卷积,以提升3D卷积网络姿态转换的时空特征提取能力,用2D卷积提取母猪的空间特征;经特征融合后,动作识别分支输出母猪转换概率,姿态分类分支输出4类姿态概率,结合这两个输出结果识别8类姿态转换,减少了人工标注数据集的工作量;最后设计动作分数,优化母猪姿态转换的时间定位。在测试集上,2D+3D-CNet姿态转换识别精度为97.95%、召回率为91.67%、测试速度为14.39帧/s,精度、召回率和时间定位精度均高于YOWO、FRCNN-HMM和MOC-D方法。该研究结果实现了母猪姿态转换高精度识别。