低湿地与土壤湿度的卫星遥感监测与制图

本文介绍应用陆地卫生ＴＭ图象数据监测法国莱茵河谷地土壤湿度变化，绘制１：５０，０００低湿地分布图的技术方法。对夏、秋两个时相的ＴＭ图像进行Ｋ－Ｌ变换等应用处理，获得的第３主分量集中了土壤湿度差异的信息。把两个时相的第３主人量精确配准后，以Ｈｙｐｅｒｂｏｘｅｓ分类器进行湿度分类，分出水体、恒湿地、夏秋季潮湿地、冬春季潮湿地、恒干地等５个湿度类别。经实地检验准确可信，表明此方法适合于土壤湿度变化监测与     

Principles for regulatory testing and interpretation of semi-field and field studies with non-target arthropods

This paper is a guidance document for side-effect testing with plant protection products on non-target arthropods under semi-field and field conditions. The principles, methods, endpoints and interpretation of non-target arthropod semi-field and field trials which should be conducted for registration of plant protection products in the European Union are presented and discussed. The recommendations presented reflect the opinions of the experts from authority, academia, industry and consulting which participated at the IOBC (International Organisation of Biological Control), BART (Beneficial Arthropod Regulatory Testing) group and EPPO (European Plant Protection Organisation) Joint Initiative workshop held in Versailles (France) on the 25–26 October, 1999.     

Brachygnathia in a herd of Angus cattle

Seven cases of brachygnathia in a single calf crop (28 calves) were observed in an Angus herd. Two of the affected calves, 1 female and 1 male, were necropsied and anatomically described. Breeding histories and results of pedigree analysis involving the 7 affected calves indicated the cause of the defect to be genetic with the mode of inheritance that of a single autosomal recessive gene.     

In Focus: Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, across perspectives

In August 2008, the first detection of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, to the North America mainland in California caused great concern, as the fly was found infesting a variety of commercial fruits. Subsequent detections followed in Oregon, Washington, Florida and British Columbia in 2009; in Utah, North Carolina, South Carolina, Michigan, and Louisiana in 2010; and in Virginia, Montana, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland and Mexico in 2011. In Europe, it has been detected in Italy and Spain in 2009 and in France in 2010. Economic costs to the grower from D. suzukii include the increased cost of production (increased labor and materials for chemical inputs, monitoring and other management tools) and crop loss. An effective response to the invasion of D. suzukii requires proper taxonomic identification at the initial phase, understanding basic biology and phenology, developing management tools, transferring information and technology quickly to user groups, and evaluating the impact of the research and extension program on an economic, social, and environmental level. As D. suzukii continues to expand its range, steps must be initiated in each new region to educate and inform the public as well as formulate management tactics suitable for the crops and growing conditions in each.     

Cultivar influence on virgin olive (Olea europea L.) oil flavor based on aromatic compounds and sensorial profile

Sensory quality is an important property of virgin olive oil and is affected by different volatile and phenolic compounds. Their levels may be influenced by many factors, and one of the most important is the cultivar. Volatiles and phenols were correlated to sensory notes in virgin olive oils from 18 local cultivars in northern Italy assessed for 4 years in the same orchard.     

Scale-dependent seasonal habitat selection by jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) in Panama

Landscape Ecology - Few habitat modeling studies consider multiple spatial or temporal scales; less identify the operative scale of an organism's response to predictor variables. Optimizing...