Phylogenetic position and nucleotide diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae worldwide based on translation elongation factor 1α sequences

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae is considered the most important fungus affecting vanilla crops around the world, causing rot on vanilla roots and stems. Previous studies showed that the ability to infect vanilla plants is a polyphyletic trait among strains of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC). The same studies proposed a single origin for F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae isolates sampled from Mexico, the centre of origin and distribution of vanilla. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis of the monophyletic origin of a wider sample of isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae infecting Mexican vanilla and estimate nucleotide diversity of pathogen isolates from the main vanilla‐producing countries. Sequence data for the TEF1α gene from 106 isolates was assembled. The phylogenetic analyses suggest that some Mexican isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae belong in two well‐supported clades, mixed with isolates from Madagascar, Indonesia, Réunion and Comoros. The phylogenetic position of other Indonesian and Mexican isolates is unresolved. Estimations of nucleotide diversity showed that the population from Mexico is genetically more diverse than the other three populations from Madagascar, Indonesia and Réunion. The results support a polyphyletic origin of vanilla‐infecting isolates of F. oxysporum worldwide, and also reject the proposition that Mexican isolates have a single origin. The phylogenetic optimizations over the strict consensus tree of the ability to infect vanilla plants suggest that pathogenic strains around the world are the product of multiple shifts of pathogenesis and dispersion events.     

小麦自主开花基因TaFLD单核苷酸多态性分析

为了给培育具有广泛生态适应性的小麦品种提供参考依据,通过比对拟南芥自主开花基因(FLD基因)与小麦D基因组序列,获得小麦FLD基因的同源序列.分析结果表明,小麦TaFLD基因全长8 392 bp,具有3 087 bp完整ORF,编码1 028个氨基酸,亚细胞定位预测显示,其编码蛋白定位于细胞质.TaFLD基因功能预测表...     

以科学的视角揭开作物转基因的神秘面纱

转基因技术是近现代农业史上发展最为迅猛的作物遗传改良技术。1996年首例转基因作物开展商业化种植,截至2016年转基因作物种植面积已呈百倍增加。人们从转基因作物的大面积推广应用中获得了巨大的经济效益与社会效益。目前转基因在我国被"妖魔化",甚至出现"谈转基因色变"的局面。为使公众对转基因有科学全面的认识,对转基因的基本概念、国内外发展现状、安全性评价等内容进行了阐述,同时展望了转基因作物在我国产业化的发展趋势。     

Simple estimation of available water capacity in soils of semiarid and subhumid environments

Soil available water capacity (AWC) is an important factor affecting soil productivity in semiarid and subhumid environments and is mainly determined by the soil textural composition. As the soils of these environments usually present fairly uniform textures across depth, we hypothesized that it would be possible to accurately estimate the whole-profile AWC using surface information. Our objective was to test this hypothesis in the Argentine Semiarid Pampas. Information was collected from 152 sites where AWC was measured in 20?cm layers up to a depth of 140?cm or up to the upper limit of the petrocalcic horizon, when present. In each case, whole profile AWC was estimated using a one-step and a two-step approach, comparing multiple regression and artificial neural networks as modeling techniques. Both modeling methods were effective (R²?>?0.76, P?相似文献   

环模颗粒机基本参数的确定方法

通过物料的受力分析确定了物料攫取条件,并分析了物料层厚度ｈ０ 与攫取角β、模辊径比λ之间的关系,从理论上解释了颗粒机生产率随模辊径比λ和攫取角β、压辊数目Ｚ变化的规律,从而简化部件的研制过程,为正确设计颗粒机提供了科学根据     

转基因小麦1Dx5基因沉默的遗传表达和品质效应分析

为了明确通过RNA干扰技术（RNAi）获得的转基因小麦品系“Glu1Dx5RNAi”中1Dx5基因的遗传规律,以“Glu1Dx5RNAi”为供体亲本,以弱筋品种扬麦18和扬麦13为轮回亲本进行回交, 采用半籽粒SDSPAGE法检测亲本、F₁、F₂和BC₁F₁籽粒的高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMWGS）组成。结果表明,1Dx5基因的沉默效应在杂交后代中表现为显性遗传,在F₂和BC₁F₁世代1Dx5亚基不表达的种子数与1Dx5亚基表达的种子数的比例分别符合13∶3和3∶1的分离比例,说明转小RNA基因导致1Dx5基因沉默是单基因显性遗传。对转基因小麦“Glu1Dx5RNAi”及其受体品种Bobwhite进行品质测试表明,Glu1Dx5RNAi蛋白质含量（13.28%）比转化受体Bobwhite（12.83%）高0.45个百分点,硬度指数、微量SDS沉降值比受体品种分别降低3.13和3.7 mL。1Dx5基因沉默对弱筋小麦育种可能会有一定的利用价值。     

PP333对中晚熟水蜜桃品种生长结果影响的研究

对3个中晚熟品种进行不同浓度PP333处理,每品种设每株叶面喷施PP3338000mg/L、10000 mg/L、12000 mg/L和喷清水对照4个处理,单株为一小区,重复3次,随机区组设计,处理1分 2次喷,第一次在5月9日,第二次在6月9日,其余在5月9日喷1次。研究表明,PP333能极显著地抑制枝梢生长。从控制枝梢生长、产量提高、果实形状及圆整度、花芽形成等综合性状分析,4年生大团蜜露以每株喷PP33312000 mg/L、5年生湖景蜜露和6年生西浦1号以每株PP3338000 mg/L喷2次的处理效果最好。     

Dietary copper supplementation modulates performance and lipid metabolism in meat goat kids

Forty-eight male Lezhi black goat kids with similar body weight ((12.09±1.70) kg) and age ((60±5) d) were used to determine the effect of dietary copper (Cu), in the form of reagent grade Cu sulfate (CuSO₄∙5H₂O), on performance, serum lipid profile, and the relative mRNA abundance of genes involved in lipid metabolism.  Goat kids were stratified by body weight and randomly assigned to one of 4 treatment groups.  Each treatment consisted of 12 replicate pens with each pen containing one goat kid.  Treatment groups received the basal diet with no supplemental Cu (control), basal diet plus 10 mg of Cu kg^–1 of dry matter (DM), basal diet plus 20 mg of Cu kg^–1 of DM, or basal diet plus 30 mg of Cu kg^–1 of DM.  Goats were housed individually in pens and fed a high-concentrate pelleted diet for 60 d.  Average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed:gain of goats were not affected by dietary Cu supplementation (P>0.10).  No differences were detected in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of goat kids fed with different Cu concentrations (P>0.05).  However, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased linearly (P=0.01) as the concentration of dietary Cu increased.  Intramuscular fat content of longissimus muscle increased (P=0.002) quadratically and liver Cu concentrations increased (P<0.001) linearly as dietary Cu concentration increased.  Compared with the control, dietary supplementation of 20 mg Cu kg^–1 DM decreased the relative mRNA abundance of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (P=0.01) and lipoprotein lipase (P=0.05), and tended to decrease the relative mRNA abundance of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (P=0.06) in longissimus muscle of goats.  The relative mRNA abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (P<0.001), carnitine acetyltransferase (P=0.001), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (P=0.001) were also decreased in liver by Cu supplementation.  These results indicate that dietary supplementation of Cu modified lipid metabolism by increasing muscular fat and decreasing serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the modification might be associated with the reduction of relative mRNA abundance of genes for oxidation of long-chain fatty acid in muscle and liver of Lezhi black goat kids.     

H2O2对陈化马铃薯切片抗氰呼吸的诱导作用研究

研究了H₂O₂对陈化马铃薯切片抗氰呼吸的诱导作用.用切片和纯化线粒体进行测定的结果均表明外源H₂O₂(5.0 mmol/L)处理对陈化马铃薯切片的总呼吸只有微弱的影响,但却可以明显诱导切片的抗氰呼吸,并显著提高抗氰呼吸对总呼吸的贡献.应用交替氧化酶的单克隆抗体进行Western杂交的结果表明,H₂O₂处理可以增强陈化马铃薯切片中交替氧化酶的表达,表明H₂O₂对抗氰呼吸的诱导作用与其时交替氧化酶表达的诱导有关.抗氰呼吸可能参与了H₂O₂调控植物抗病防御反应的作用机制.