美洲南瓜枯萎病生防药剂和生防菌株筛选

为筛选对美洲南瓜枯萎病具有良好抑制作用的生防药剂及生防菌株,选择4种植物源生防农药和4种生防菌株对美洲南瓜枯萎病进行药剂筛选和室内防效测定。结果表明:生防木霉T6菌株发酵液以及0.3%丁子香酚对该病菌具有较强的抑制作用,稀释5倍的生防木霉T6菌株发酵液制成含药培养基培养7 d时,对病原菌的抑制率为85.7%;稀释250倍的0.3%丁子香酚可溶性液剂制成含药培养基培养7 d时,对病原菌的抑制率为82.6%。长枝木霉T6菌株发酵液室内防效测定结果显示有一定防效。     

长枝木霉T6菌株对美洲南瓜枯萎病菌的抑制作用

为探明长枝木霉T6菌株对美洲南瓜枯萎病菌的作用机理,采用对峙培养、显微观察、孢子萌发、室内防效测定等方法研究其抑制能力和防治效果。结果表明:长枝木霉T6菌株对美洲南瓜枯萎病菌具有较强的抑制作用,对峙培养7d时,长枝木霉T6菌株对该病菌的抑制率为60.09%;显微形态观察表明:长枝木霉T6菌株菌丝与美洲南瓜枯萎病菌菌丝发生缠绕;长枝木霉T6菌株发酵液对美洲南瓜枯萎病菌分生孢子萌发具有明显的抑制作用,抑制率为31.00%;长枝木霉T6菌株对美洲南瓜枯萎病具有较好的防治效果,室内盆栽防效为69.06%。     

绵羊HTR4基因的生物信息学分析

利用生物信息学数据库及软件,对绵羊羟色胺受体4基因(hydroxytryptamine receptor4,HTR4)进行生物信息学分析,以初步了解其结构并进行功能预测。结果表明,绵羊HTR4基因所含最大长度的开放阅读框为1 317 bp,编码438个氨基酸残基。HTR4基因编码的蛋白分子质量为49 437.09 KDa,理论等电点(pI)为8.32。亚细胞定位结果表明其编码产物主要定位于质膜(60.9%),且不属于分泌蛋白。HTR4蛋白不存在信号肽序列,存在7段跨膜结构且无低复杂性段区域,该蛋白的二级结构以α螺旋为主,且三级结构主要由α折叠缠绕形成。     

The evaluation of the synergetic degree of ecology economy society system of China forestry during the last decade

Ecological ravages, environmental pollution, and the developmental problems of regional ecology, economy, and society are not geographical restrictions. The synergistic development of the ecology-economy-society system in forestry was quantitatively assessed by system theory and synergistic dynamic models, illustration of the metering principle and corresponding theory, assessing and quantizing synergistic development status of ecology-economy-society system, and the orderliness of the subsystem of the last decade. The orderliness of the ecology and ecological subsystems developed unstably with an increasing trend. The eco-environment construction and eco-conservation achievement of forestry in China are effective and need to be maintained. The industry structure should be improved to promote the growth of the forestry economy. The society subsystem development is increasing but is not at a high level, which indicates that the public demand to ecological service was not satisfied. The theoretical analysis and numerical examples show that the development of the forestry system has a good development state. The synergy changes of forestry system in the 0 to 0.951 range, which is in the intermediate degree of synergy during this period. It still needs much improvement on efficiency of synergy. The orderliness and the relationship among the subsystems of forestry should be improved in future.     

外源氮添加对湿地土壤N_2O排放量的影响

为搞清湿地土壤驱动N2O排放的关键氮源类型,有效减少湿地N2O的排放,本文通过室内控制温湿度,用气相色谱法分析不同外源氮素对湿地N2O排放的影响。结果表明:外加氮源组总是高于对照组N2O排放量(4.4 mg·m-3)。在设定的剂量范围内,单独添加尿素或尿素与硝酸铵1∶1配合时N2O排放量呈现先增后减的单峰分布趋势,峰值分别为10.6 mg·m-3和229.0 mg·m-3;单独添加硝酸铵时N2O排放量(32.6~111.0 mg·m-3)随着氮素添加量增加呈现持续上升趋势。单独添加尿素或硝酸铵、尿素与硝酸铵1∶1配合均促进N2O的排放,但硝酸铵尿素混合添加对N2O排放量的贡献单独添加硝酸铵单独添加尿素。这为预测内蒙古高原区农牧交错带湿地氮素输入可能带来的温室效应和有效减排提供科学依据。     

Pedotransfer functions to assess adsorbed phosphate using iron oxide content and magnetic susceptibility in an Oxisol

Adsorbed phosphate in soils can be chemically extracted; however, this process is both time‐consuming and not cost‐effective if large numbers of samples have to be analysed. Indirect assessment of adsorbed phosphate by pedotransfer functions (PTFs) can help optimize fertilizer strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of adsorbed phosphate (P_ads), iron oxides and magnetic susceptibility (MS) in oxisols and to calibrate PTFs to predict P_ads. A total of 308 soil samples were collected from Hapludox and Eutrudox soils formed from sandstone in Brazil. The contents of clay (196–607 g/kg), iron oxides (40–165 g/kg), MS (1.2–29 × 10^?6 m³/kg) and P_ads (327–842 mg/kg) were in the range of typical values for these highly weathered soils. This study showed that the attributes studied were spatially dependent. Geomorphic surfaces enabled understanding of spatial variability and helped to develop a more efficient sampling scheme to calibrate PTFs. Moreover, the adsorbed phosphate in these oxisols could be predicted by a PTF using iron oxides and MS as predictors. The MS attribute enabled the most accurate prediction (concordance coefficient = 0.95, root‐mean‐square error = 46 mg/kg and relative improvement in root‐mean‐square error = ?4.12) of spatial variability through PTF compared to other predictors.     

耐密玉米农机农艺融合栽培技术

农机农艺融合是农业机械化发展的必然要求。介绍了耐密玉米农机农艺融合栽培技术的主要内容、作业质量要求，分析了综合效益，对我国其他地区玉米种植有一定的借鉴意义。      

冬季防虫网内外环境因子变化对砂糖橘冬稍生长的影响

探索防虫网覆盖栽培技术对网室环境因子和砂糖橘冬稍生长的影响。对12月份40目防虫网内外环境因子、害虫和冬梢性能进行了检测,结果显示,40目透光防虫网防虫网能增加柑网室的温度和湿度,同时降低柑网室的光照强度和光照时间,冬季对柑橘害虫的数量没有影响,防虫网导致的柑橘园环境因子的变化对柑橘冬稍的生长没有影响。     

超氧化物歧化酶模拟物对氧化应激IPEC-J2细胞抗氧化性能的影响

试验旨在探究在H₂O₂诱导的氧化应激状态下，超氧化物歧化酶模拟物（SODm）对仔猪空肠上皮细胞系（IPEC-J2）的保护作用。利用MTT法筛选出构建氧化应激模型H₂O₂的适宜浓度；将IPEC-J2细胞分别用0、0.05、0.5、5、50、500、2 000 U/mL SODm进行培养，利用MTT法分别在2、4、8、12 h时测定各组细胞存活率，筛选出SODm作用的适宜浓度和时间；根据构建的氧化应激模型和SODm适宜浓度和时间，将IPEC-J2细胞随机分为空白组、模型组、SODm处理组（SODm_0.5、SODm₅、SODm₅₀）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）处理组（SOD_0.5、SOD₅、SOD₅₀），分别测定各组细胞存活率、活性氧（ROS）含量及细胞内SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）。结果表明：①H₂O₂构建细胞氧化应激模型的适宜浓度是1.0 mmol/mL。②当不同浓度SODm分别作用4、8、12 h时，0.5~50 U/mL SODm组细胞存活率显著高于空白组（P<0.05）；且8 h时存活率最高，在12 h时处于下降趋势。③除空白组外，SODm₅和SOD₅预处理的IPEC-J2存活率显著高于其他组（P<0.05）；且SODm和SOD组中细胞ROS含量显著低于模型组（P<0.05）；模型组与空白组相比，均显著降低了SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC水平，提高了MDA含量（P<0.05）；与模型组相比，所有SODm和SOD处理组均显著提高了SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC水平，降低了MDA含量（P<0.05），同时SODm₅₀组T-AOC水平显著低于SOD₅₀组（P<0.05）。综上，SODm对H₂O₂诱导氧化损伤状态下IPEC-J2具有保护作用。