Immunoglobulins in the serum and nasal secretions of lambs following vaccination and aerosol challenge with parainfluenza 3 virus.

Serial changes in the concentrations of IgM, IgG and IgA were compared in specific pathogen free (SPF) lambs which had been vaccinated with live or inactivated parainfluenza 3 virus (PI 3) by either intramuscular (IM) or intranasal (IN) routes followed by aerosol challenge with PI 3. In the serum, an increase in IgM was associated with the primary antibody response to the aerosol challenge, whereas increased IgG was associated with the secondary antibody response. No changes in immunoglobulin concentrations were observed in the nasal secretions of lambs administered live or inactivated virus IM or IN without adjuvant. Marked increases in IgG were found in the serum and nasal secretions of lambs vaccinated IM with inactivated virus in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and fractionation by gel filtration confirmed that the antibody was associated with IgG in both these fluids.     

Environmental and cultural effects on vegetative growth and flowering of selected “bedding” ornamentals. I. Night temperature

Night temperatures warmer than those normally used in commercial production systems promoted vegetative growth in Tagetes patula and Matthiola incana seedlings. In the short (8 h) daylength regime employed, and with a day temperature of 16°C, cool nights (8°C) had a detrimental effect, especially when imposed for 6 weeks from pricking-out rather than later. Night temperatures between 8°C and 16°C did not substitute for the long-day requirement for flowering in Matthiola after 11 weeks' growth, and there was no advantage with respect to vegetative growth in maintaining night temperatures above 12°C. Warmer nights from pricking-out promoted flowering in Tagetes but if applied later (during weeks 7–11) the positive effects were largely on vegetative growth. The implications of these findings for commercial horticulture are discussed.     

Fundus pigment distribution in rhesus monkeys

There is growing evidence for an interaction among fundus pigmentation, character, geography and the function and structure of the outer retina. We examined three inbred groups of rhesus macaques (132 eyes) including all ages. One was a smaller (18 eyes) group. Coat colors were variations of brown-tan however, the smaller group had lighter 'golden' coats and colors. Fundus images were classified for pigmentation and its geographic distribution. In golden-coated animals there was bias toward nasal fundus hypopigmentation with the optic disk as a watershed demarcation zone, which extended in the superior-inferior direction. Temporal fundus hypopigmentation did not occur in the absence of nasal hypopigmentation. More common, darker coated samples showed a characteristic diffuse fundus pigmentation. There was no evidence for albinism or large variations in macular pigmentation. Rhesus monkeys can exhibit geographically controlled genetic development of fundus pigmentation. Hypopigmentation provides for access to the choroidal infrastructure.     

Effects of dietary protein concentration on postweaning growth of Boer crossbred and Spanish goat wethers

Boer (3/4) x Spanish (1/4) (BC; n = 23) and Spanish (SP; n = 22) goat wethers, 4 to 4.5 mo of age and 17.6 and 19.4 kg initial BW, respectively (SE = 0.57), were used to determine effects on growth of protein concentration in 70% concentrate diets provided for ad libitum intake for 30 wk in confinement. Offered diets contained 10.2, 14.2, 18.3, and 23.6% CP (DM basis), and CP concentration in consumed DM was 9.3, 13.8, 17.1, and 22.1% (P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively); supplemental protein was from soybean meal for P1 and P2 and from soybean meal plus a blend of blood, fish, and feather meals for P3 and P4. Dry matter intake was similar between breeds and among diets (732, 712, 698, and 740 g/d for P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively; SE = 27.0). Average daily gain was greater for P2 (P = 0.07) and P4 (P < 0.05) than for P1 (76, 90, 85, and 100 g/d for P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively; SE = 5.3) and for BC than for SP (97 vs 78 g/d, SE = 3.7; P = 0.05). Similarly, ADG:DMI was lowest (P < 0.05) among diets for P1 (0.106, 0.126, 0.121, and 0.132 for P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively; SE = 0.0053) and greater (P < 0.05) for BC than for SP (0.135 vs 0.108; SE = 0.0037). In conclusion, with 70% concentrate diets, the protein requirement for both BC and SP seemed to have been met by consumption of diets with at least 14% CP, with no apparent benefit from addition of ruminally undegraded protein.     

Lunar receiving laboratory

The Lunar Receiving Laboratory will be the permanent depository of a portion of the collection of lunar samples; it will safeguard the collection, providing continuing security and ensuring scientific integrity. In carrying out the time-dependent experiments and continuing functions of the laboratory, NASA will rely on visiting expert scientists supplementing a relatively small resident staff; outside scientists will be relied upon for most investigations and detailed analyses of samples. It is believed that the designed procedures and facilities provided will ensure the maximum scientific return from the Apollo Program in the way of information from lunar samples.     

Cholinergic sensitivity: normal variability as a function of stimulus background

The sensitivity of the normally innervated iris sphincter to its neuro-transmitter, acetylchloline, and to relatd agents varies inversely with the preexisting physiological stimulus background, that is, the environmental light intnsity. This normal variability suggests the existence of a negative feedback mechahnism whereby sensitivity of the effector cell is modutlated by a product of neuronal activity.     

Paleogene terrestrial vertebrates: northernmost occurrence, ellesmere island, Canada

Recently discovered Paleogene land vertebrates from the Eureka Sound Formation at about latitude 78 degrees north in Arctic Canada include fish, turtles, an alligatorid, and several taxa of mammals. The assemblage, which is probably early or middle Eocene in age, adds to previously known paleobotanical evidence in suggesting temperate to warm-temperate climatic conditions.