贵州省退耕还林工程社会经济效益阶段评价研究

通过对水城、黎平、望谟、关岭、麻江、黔西、龙里、习水、开阳、铜仁10个退耕还林工程综合效益监测重点县107个固定样地户主共91户退耕农户进行连续4年的跟踪调查，同时结合10个县面上统计数的分析及其典型县204户退耕农户的典型调查，对监测区退耕还林的经济、社会效益进行了评价：退耕还林工程区环境效益经济值明显提高，水土流失得到有效控制；工程区退耕农户收入增加，粮食总产量稳定；退耕还林促进了农村劳动力的转移。     

Salix tetradenia Hand.‐Mazz: a new natural plant host of ‘Candidatus phytoplasma’

This article reports Salix tetradenia Hand.‐Mazz as a new host of Candidatus phytoplasma and demonstrates its association with witches' broom disease on S. tetradenia plants. Plants exhibited typical visual symptoms of phytoplasma with virescence, abnormality of flowers and witches' broom, and phytoplasma bodies were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Products of 1.2 kb were amplified by nested PCR using phytoplasma universal primer pairs R16F2n/R16R2, but no amplification products were obtained from symptomless plants. The sequence analysis of three 16S rDNA isolates showed 99.84%, 99.68% and 99.76% identify, respectively, with the homologous gene (nc_005303) of member of ‘Candidatus phytoplasma asteris’ (16SrI) group. Phylogenetic and virtual computer‐simulated restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16S rRNA, tuf and rp gene sequences confirmed that this phytoplasma clustered in the 16SrI‐B subgroup. These results indicated that the diseased S. tetradenia plants were infected by a phytoplasma of the 16SrI group. This is the first report on the occurrence of phytoplasma disease on S. tetradenia worldwide.     

A mixture neural methodology for computing rice consumptive water requirements in Fada N’Gourma Region, Eastern Burkina Faso

Crop consumptive water requirement (Crop-ET) is a key variable for developing management plans to optimize the efficiency of water use for crop production particularly in semiarid zone. In Burkina Faso, the unfavorable climatic conditions characterized by the low and unevenly distribution of rainfall have pushed water resources management to the forefront of the crop production issue. Crop-ET is extremely required in rainwater effective management for mitigating the impact of water deficit on the crops. Basically, Crop-ET determination involves reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficient (Kc) which required complete climatic data and specific site crop information, respectively. ETo estimation with the recommended FAO56 Penman–Monteith (PM) equation is limited in Burkina Faso due to the numerous meteorological data required which are not always available in many production sites. In such circumstances, research to compute directly Crop-ET as an alternative to the two-step approach of calculating ETo and determining site specific Kc, seems desirable. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the performance of a mixture principal component analysis neural network (PCANN) model for computing rice Crop-ET directly from temperatures data in Fada N’Gourma region located in Eastern Burkina Faso, Africa. From the statistical results, rice Crop-ET can be successfully computed by using PCANN methodology, when only temperatures data are available in this African semiarid environment. Thus, in poor data situation, Crop-ET direct computation can be rapidly addressed through PCANN model for agricultural water management in African semiarid regions.     

发酵酸羊乳冻干粉的生产方法

介绍了发酵酸羊乳冻干粉的生产方法,主要有羊乳预处理、羊乳发酵、冻干制粉和包装质检四个生产工序。应用此法生产的酸羊乳冻干粉保留了酸羊乳原有的色、香、味和营养物质,还具有较高的乳酸菌生物活性。     

转基因抗虫核不育杂交棉川杂棉36

<正>川杂棉36(区试代号SCH26)是四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所以转基因抗虫核不育系GA18为母本,新品系R206为父本,采用核不育"一系两用法"选育的F1核不育杂交种,于2008-2009年参加并通过四川省区试,2011年通过四川省生产试验,2013年获转基因生物安全证书,证书编号:农基安证字(2013)第086号。2014年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编     

农业机械化在边远山区的发展与推广

本文通过贵州山区农村的调研,阐述了如何加快贫困山区农机化发展的问题.     

7个籼型水稻细胞质雄性不育系异交性能的研究

以7个籼型水稻细胞质雄性不育系D62A、D63A、D64A、D23A、G46A、金23A珍汕97A为材料,视珍汕97A为对照,在海南对它们的异交性能进行了研究.结果表明:7个细胞质雄性不育系的颖花开花率从高到低依次为D23A、D63A、D62A、D64A、珍汕97A、金23A、G46A;D62A等6个细胞质雄性不育系的柱头外露率均高于对照珍汕97A;除G46A、金23A外,其余4个的午前花率均比对照珍汕97A高;D62A、D63A、D64A等3个细胞质雄性不育系的平均张颖时间均比对照珍汕97A长,其余三个短于对照珍汕97A.柱头生活力系数大小依次是:对照珍汕97A、D62A、G46A、D63A、D23A、D64A、金23A.异交结实率从高到低的顺序是D62A、D63A、D23A、金23A、D64A、G46A、珍汕97A.     

臭氧对两种主要储粮真菌的抑制作用研究

研究了常温下不同浓度臭氧、不同处理时间对两种主要储粮霉菌黄曲霉、黑曲霉的生长抑制作用（菌落生长法）,以及臭氧对两种霉菌的菌落形态、菌丝结构的影响。结果表明,臭氧对两种霉菌菌落生长均表现出抑制作用,并且随着臭氧浓度的提高、处理时间的延长,抑制效果愈加显著;臭氧处理可使两种霉菌菌落褪色,菌丝发生弯曲、断裂或局部膨大,甚至使细胞发生胞溶。分析可知,在本实验条件下臭氧浓度170mg/m^3～190mg/m^3、处理6h对两种霉菌的抑制效果较为理想。     

小麦V-CMS和杂种F1代线粒体蛋白质组表达差异

本研究以V型小麦恢复基因的近等基因系为基础材料,运用蛋白质组学技术对V-CMS及杂种F1黄化苗和幼穗时期线粒体蛋白质表达图谱进行了比较,分析了差异蛋白质点与CMS的关系.主要结果如下:(1)比较了黄化苗和幼穗线粒体蛋白质的表达图谱,鉴定了10个差异表达的蛋白质点,包括与能量代谢有关的F0-F1ATP酶复合物的亚基和一些...     

果脯中SO2残留量与硫处理方法相关性的研究

果脯生产过程中进行硫处理,能改善成品的色泽,防止褐变。本试验结果表明:果脯经硫处理,成品和糖液中SO_2残留量受亚硫酸盐使用浓度、使用方法、处理时间、原料种类及制作工艺等诸因素的影响。采用0.2％亚酸酸氢钠溶液浸泡果坯8h,或1％亚硫酸氢钠溶液浸泡果坯2h的硫处理方法,可使果脯中SO_2残留量保持在国家标准规定的允许范围内,并对保持和改善果脯色泽,提高产品质量有较好的效果。