Identification of three triterpenoids in almond hulls

Three triterpenoids, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid, were isolated as their methyl esters (treatment with diazomethane) from diethyl ether extracts of almond hulls (Nonpareil variety) using flash chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The triterpenoids, which comprised approximately 1% of the hulls, were characterized using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. These studies demonstrate that almond hulls are a rich source of these triterpenoids, which have reported anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, and anti-cancer activities.     

沧源蔗区土壤养分现状研究

为了解甘蔗产区土壤养分状况,并根据养分丰缺情况进行合理科学的施肥,最终实现甘蔗高产高糖,对云南省临沧市沧源蔗区采集的185份土壤样品进行养分测定,结果表明：沧源蔗区土壤大部分呈微酸性,53.51%土壤样品的pH在5.5~6.5;有机质含量平均为2.74%;全氮含量极低,75.14%的土壤样品小于0.050%,平均为0.042%;碱解氮含量中等,平均为101.43 mg/kg;全磷含量低,平均为0.082%;有效磷含量低,平均为6.33 mg/kg;全钾含量低,52.97%的土壤样品含量在1.01%~1.50%,平均为1.403%;速效钾含量中等,平均为146.32 mg/kg;微量元素有效锌缺乏,79.75%的含量低于1.5 mg/kg;有效锰、有效铁和有效铜93%以上的土壤样品都高于临界值,铜、铁和锰不缺乏。根据土壤养分分析结果,在沧源蔗区建议有机肥结合速效氮磷钾复合肥施用,有利于甘蔗的高产高糖。     

玉米产量性状主基因-多基因遗传效应的初步研究

利用主基因 -多基因遗传模型 ,以玉米杂交组合农大 3138的P1,P2 ,F1和F2∶3 家系为材料 ,联合分析了玉米产量性状的遗传效应。结果表明 :穗长、穗粗、穗重和单株粒重是由多基因模型控制 ;行粒数和千粒重检测到 1对完全显性主基因 ,穗行数和秃顶长存在 2对主效基因 ,而且穗行数的 2对主效基因之间存在互作效应。同时对不同方法计算出来的遗传率作了比较 ,认为存在主效基因的性状遗传率偏低的原因是由于基因的显性作用所致。讨论了不同产量性状的育种对策     

澳洲野生棉种的子叶棉酚动态及与色素腺体形态的关系

对斯特提棉、南岱华棉、澳洲棉、纳尔逊氏棉和比克氏棉五个澳洲野生棉种在种子萌发过程中的子叶棉酚含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明,五个澳洲野生棉种子叶中的棉酚积累过程与无色素腺体陆地棉品种基本相似,其休眠种子和萌发２４ｈ以内的子叶均检测不到棉酚,为典型的低酚棉类型。当种子萌发４８ｈ以后,其子叶开始出现棉酚,但含量极低;在子叶开始出现棉酚１～２ｄ后,棉酚含量开始迅速增加,到种子萌发第９ｄ达到最大值。此外,讨论了澳洲野生棉种的子叶色素腺体延缓形成的组织结构与棉酚积累的关系,以及该性状的遗传调控机理等。     

获得抗稻瘟病和纹枯病的转多基因水稻

将多个抗真菌病基因连同筛选基因hpt一起导入一水稻品种中，共获得49个独立的整合有1～4个抗真菌病基因的转基因植株系。转基因植株中几丁质酶的酶活均高于非转化对照植株，且转多个几丁质酶基因或与β-1，3-葡聚糖酶基因一起的转基因植株较转单个几丁质酶基因的植株有更高的酶活性。抗病试验表明，这些不同组合的R2代转基因     

优质稻核心种质青六矮1号及其衍生品种的性状相关性研究

对青六矮1号及其衍生品种(品系)的相关分析表明: 产量与有效穗数呈极显著正相关, 与每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数呈显著负相关; 倒三叶长与倒二叶长呈极显著正相关, 与着粒密度呈显著负相关, 与粒长呈显著正相关, 与垩白率呈显著负相关, 与垩白度呈极显著负相关, 与胶稠度呈显著正相关, 与直链淀粉含量呈显著负相关. 主成分分析表     

3种湿地植物克隆生长及其生物量对不同水淹的响应

通过人工模拟水位控制试验,研究不同水位梯度处理对3种水生植物梭鱼草、菖蒲和黄花鸢尾株高、克隆分株数、生物量积累及生物量分配格局的影响。试验设置固定水位和周期波动水位2种处理,固定水位分别为自由水面淹没苗钵的1/2 (低水位),全淹（中水位）和高出苗钵上口径12cm（高水位）3个梯度;波动水位为低水位处理14d,然后转至高水位处理7 d,以此往复循环,持续56d。结果表明：不同水位梯度对3种水生植物的株高、克隆分株数、生物量积累与分配格局等指标均有显著影响(P<005);株高、克隆分株数（黄花鸢尾除外）在波动水位处理下均显著高于固定水位（P<005）,固定水位中的高水位和波动水位处理后梭鱼草根状茎、叶和根生物量均显著高于中水位和低水位梯度。波动水位和固定水位中的高水位处理仅对菖蒲的叶质量有显著影响,且明显高于中水位和低水位。黄花鸢尾各构件生物量在各水位处理中无显著差异（P>005）。综合来看,波动水位更有利于3种水生植物种群的建立。     

乳铁蛋白及其生理机能的研究进展

乳铁蛋白作为一种天然的具有免疫功能的糖蛋白,是转铁蛋白家族的一员。它存在于哺乳动物的各种外分泌物中,乳中的含量较高,因其广泛的生理功能,近年来越来越多地受到人们的关注。概括介绍乳铁蛋白的结构及其重要的生理功能以及乳铁蛋白的制备方法,并展望乳铁蛋白作为一种添加剂在畜牧业上的应用前景。     

Effects of Supplemental Histamine on Gastric Acid Secretion, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Intestinal Microfloral of Early Weaned Piglets

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of supplemental histamine in the diet ofearly-weaned piglets. In experiment A, 24 cross bred piglets with an average body weight of 6.10±0.40 kg,weaned at the age of 28 days, were divided into four groups, fed with basal diet of low dietary copper without(control) or with supplemental histamine at 60, 120, 180 μg kg-1 BW. During the two weeks and the thirdweek after weaning, ADG(average daily gain) of piglets were increased by 15.8% (P＜0.05), 9.5% (P＜0.10) by addition of 60 μg kg-1BW histamine, but decreased by addition of 180 μg kg-1BW histamine, whichalso increased the amount of E. coli in colon and the scour incidence. The secretion of gastric acid and pepsinwere improved by both dose of supplemental histamine (60, 180 pg kg-1BW) and gastric digesta pH were de-creased by both. Addition of 60 μg kg-1 BW histamine improved the activities of trypsin, amylase in duodelumdigesta. In experiment B, 12 cross bred piglets with an average body weight of 6.85±0.35 kg, weaned at theage of 28 days, were divided into two groups, fed with basal diet of high dietary copper without (control) orwith supplemental 60 μg kg-1 BW histamine. During the two weeks and the third week after weaning, ADG ofpiglets were increased by 9.8% (P＜0.05), 7.0% (P＜0.10). The secretion of gastric acid, activities oftrypsin and amylase in duodelum digesta, were also improved by addition of 60 μg kg-1 BW histamine. The re-sults showed that addition of histamine (60 μg kg-1 BW) in early weaned piglets could increase the secretion ofgastric acid and pepsin, reduce gastric digesta pH and scour incidence, improve activities of trypsin, amylasein duodelum digesta, and the growing performance of early weaned piglets.