牙鲆身体纵轴生长相关性状QTL定位

以经紫外线灭活的真鲷(Pagrosomus major)精子作为异源精子,诱导牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)卵子进行有丝分裂雌核发育,通过静水压方法获得165个双单倍体作为实验材料.测量牙鲆身体纵轴6个生长相关性状(体长、头长、背鳍基长、腹鳍基长、尾柄长和尾长),并用SPSS 19.0对其进行正态分布及相关性分析.运用MapQTL4.0中多座位QTL 模型(MQM)对控制6个性状的QTL进行定位及遗传效应分析.结果表明,所检测6个性状均符合正态分布,并且相互之间呈极显著相关(P<0.01).在全部24个连锁群上检测到22个控制相关性状的QTL,分布在10个连锁群上.其中与体长相关的QTL有4个,头长相关的QTL为3个,控制背鳍基长的QTL为4个,与腹鳍基长相关的QTL为3个,与尾柄长相关QTL 7个,控制尾长的QTL仅有1个.各QTLs的LOD 值在2.01~3.68之间,可解释3.7%~12.6%的表型变异.控制体长和尾长的 QTL存在共定位,控制体长的 QTL 还与控制背鳍基长及腹鳍基长的QTL存在共定位.本研究结果可为今后进一步辅助育种和改良性状提供参考.     

温室大棚调温设施与装备

北方地区冬季寒冷,为保证严寒季节的农业生产,温室大棚必须减少热量损失,降低加温成本,提高生产效益。分别介绍温室大棚保温、增温、降温的方法与措施,使温室大棚达到温度可控的目的,为作物生长发育提供适宜的环境。     

我国有机食品发展现状与改进措施

有机食品是对无污染天然食品比较统一的提法,目前有机食品质量安全问题越来越受到消费者的关注。阐述我国有机食品发展的现状和形势,详细分析我国有机食品发展中存在的几个问题,并围绕解决这些问题提出促进我国有机食品持续健康发展的有效措施。     

香蕉抹花、疏果、垫把及套袋技术在南宁市的应用研究

[目的]研究抹花、疏果、垫把及套袋综合技术对香蕉生产的影响,探寻香蕉提质增效的标准化生产技术,提高香蕉市场竞争力,提高经济效益.[方法]采用田间试验方法,在南宁市香蕉主产区选取实验基地,根据香蕉不同生长时期分别进行抹花、疏果、垫把及套袋综合技术处理,分析对比产量、商品果率、果面斑痕及果面机械伤等指标.[结果]与传统种植的香蕉相比,经过“抹花+疏果+垫把+套袋”综合技术处理后的香蕉平均商品果率为98.91%,比对照提高3.21个百分点;机械伤发生率平均为2.45%,比对照大幅降低49.69%;斑痕发生率平均为2.29%,比对照降幅为66.69%;畸形果发生率平均为0.69%,对照为3.18%,差异极显著;平均一级果品率为23.04%,二级果品率为58.12%,分别比对照高18.02和5.44个百分点.[结论]抹花、疏果、垫把及套袋综合技术处理使香蕉小幅增产,可有效控制果面机械伤及畸形果的发生,提高果品商品率,显著提高香蕉产品质量和商品档次,经济效益显著.     

野生大豆荚粒相关性状QTL定位

利用复合区间作图法和混合线性模型复合区间作图法,对野生大豆江浦野生豆-5和栽培大豆南农06-17所得的F2∶3家系(2008、2009年)及F2∶4家系(2009年)的单株有效荚数、单株粒重、百粒重3个荚粒相关性状进行QTL分析。结果表明:复合区间作图法检测到27个QTL,混合线性模型复合区间作图法检测到18个加性显性QTL和13对上位性QTL,2种方法共同检测到17个QTL,其中12个QTL(qEPP-H-1、qEPP-Lb-1、qSWP-La-1、qSWP-Lb-1、qSW-B1-1、qSW-B2-1、qSW-D1b-1、qSW-H-1、qSW-H-2、qSW-I-2、qSW-Lb-1和qSW-Ma-1)在2 a或2个世代稳定表达,qEPP-H-1、qEPP-Lb-1和qSWP-Lb-1的增效等位基因来源于野生大豆。研究结果为野生大豆优异等位基因的发掘、栽培大豆遗传基础的拓宽以及大豆产量分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。     

利用SRAP分子标记分析47份杂草稻样品遗传多样性

 利用SRAP分子标记分析了采集于杂草稻多发地区的47份样本的遗传多样性,旨在从基因的开放式阅读框区域（ORFs）深入研究杂草稻的遗传背景,为进一步揭示其来源提供依据。结果表明,参试的我国杂草稻材料在110对引物组合中共扩增出845种类型的谱带,多态性谱带590种,多态率为6982%,平均每对引物可以检测到54条多态性谱带。说明SRAP分子标记对于杂草稻基因组开放式阅读框区域序列的多态性具有很高的检测效率,适用于遗传多样性研究。我国杂草稻材料Shannon Weaver多样性指数（I）为063,且南北方杂草稻多样性指数（I）相当,分别为063和062。聚类分析结果表明,南方收集的杂草稻与北方收集杂草稻群体间遗传分化较大,遗传差异明显。程氏指数判定结果也表明杂草稻呈南籼北粳的分布状态。     

Antibacterial bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids from the sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus sp

Four new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids, aspergiterpenoid A (1), (-)-sydonol (2), (-)-sydonic acid (3), and (-)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(2',6',6'-trimethyltetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)phenol (4) together with one known fungal metabolite (5) were isolated from the fermentation broth of a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp., which was isolated from the sponge Xestospongia testudinaria collected from the South China Sea. Four of them (1-4) are optically active compounds. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by using NMR spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometric analysis, and by comparing their optical rotations with those related known analogues. Compounds 1-5 showed selective antibacterial activity against eight bacterial strains with the MIC (minimum inhibiting concentrations) values between 1.25 and 20.0 μM. The cytotoxic, antifouling, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of these compounds were also examined.     

Diurnal-and sex-related difference of metallothionein expression in mice

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Metallothionein (MT) is a small, cysteine-rich, metal-binding protein that plays an important role in protecting against toxicity of heavy metal and chemicals. This study was aimed to define diurnal and sex variation of MT in mice. METHODS: Adult mice were maintained in light- and temperature-controlled facilities for 2 weeks with light on at 8:00 and light off at 20:00. The blood, liver, and kidneys were collected every 4 h during the 24 h period. Total RNA was isolated, purified, and subjected to real-time RT-PCR analysis and MT protein was determined by western blot and the Cd/hemoglobin assay. RESULTS: The diurnal variations in mRNA levels of MT-1 and MT-2 in liver were dramatic, up to a 40-fold peak/trough ratio. MT mRNA levels in kidneys and blood also showed diurnal variation, up to 5-fold peak/trough ratio. The diurnal variation of MT mRNAs resembled the clock gene albumin site D-binding protein (Dbp), and was anti-phase to the clock gene Brain and Muscle ARNT-like Protein 1 (Bmal1) in liver and kidneys. The peaks of MT mRNA levels were higher in females than in males. Hepatic MT protein followed a similar pattern, with about a 3-fold difference. CONCLUSION: MT mRNA levels and protein showed diurnal- and sex-variation in liver, kidney, and blood of mice, which could impact the body defense against toxic stimuli.     

播量及移栽基本苗对水稻新品种盐粳218产量的影响

采用小区对比试验方法,研究了播量、移栽基本苗对水稻新品种盐粳218生育及产量的影响。结果表明,降低播量可使盐粳218秧苗的干物重、充实度、带蘖率增加。处理A1B4的单产为604.4 kg/667 m2,比A3B6、A1B2、A2B3、A3B4、A1B3、A2B5、A2B4、A3B5处理分别增产了7.8%、7.0%、4.7%、3.2%、2.6%、2.2%、1.3%、1.3%,其单位面积有效穗数及颖花数、生物产量及齐穗后干物质积累量占籽粒产量百分比均较高。在播量100、200、300 g/m2前提下,对应移栽基本苗4.5万～5.5万/667 m2、5.5万～6.5万/667 m2、6.0万～7.0万/667 m2均可使盐粳218获得较高的产量与效益。     

蜥蜴利什曼原虫在小鼠体内的分布及增殖研究

通过腹腔途径用体内含有荧光蛋白的蜥蜴利什曼原虫感染BALB/c小鼠,感染后采其脏器做冰冻切片,荧光染料染色后用荧光显微镜观察,并经PCR鉴定,结果显示蜥蜴利什曼原虫感染小鼠后,主要分布于心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏。另外,成功建立了利什曼原虫荧光定量PCR检测方法,并采用该方法检测感染蜥蜴利什曼原虫后BALB/c小鼠体内利什曼原虫的增殖情况,结果显示,感染13 d内,BALB/c小鼠体内蜥蜴利什曼原虫呈波浪状增殖。这一结果为研究蜥蜴利什曼原虫感染人和动物的致病机理和免疫方法及疫苗研制等方面提供了基础理论依据。