Ranking Authors and Institutions by Publications in Regional Science Journals: 2010–2014

In this paper, authors and institutions are ranked based on the number of publications in 10 core regional science journals during the period 2010–2014. Alternative rankings are constructed by considering only publications in the top four of the 10 journals and also by adjusting for journal impact factors. Two impact factors are calculated for each regional science journal. The first is based on citations by the other nine core regional science journals, and the second by citations from all journals in the database Scopus. Discussion is included regarding the patterns and consistency of the rankings across alternative criteria. Comparisons also are made to previous regional science publication rankings of authors and institutions.     

Mapping and candidate gene analysis for a new top spikelet abortion mutant in rice

Grain numbers is one of the determinations for rice yield and directly associated with spikelet numbers per panicle and its normal development. Lots of genes responsible for spikelet numbers and spikelet early development have been identified, but the molecular information about the spikelet development at later development is still limited. Here, we isolated a rice spikelet abnormal development mutant, which shows degenerated spikelet at the top panicle and named aborted top spikelet mutant 1(Ats1). The spikelets derived from the middle and bottom branches per panicle of Ats1 show normal development with those of wild type. However, a large number of branches and spikelets with arrested development were often observed only on apex panicle. The abnormality did not appear until the stage In8 when rachises elongate rapidly and reproductive organs get mature, based on observations through SEM analysis. The aborted spikelet could develop the complete floral organs with a pair of rudimentary glume, a pair of empty glume, two lodicule, six stamens and one carpel. But all these floral organs did not develop maturity. Genetic analysis on two F₂ populations indicated that the Ats1 was controlled by a single dominant gene. By using bulked segregant analysis of F₂ population developed from Ats1 crossing with Songjing6, ATS1 was mapped on chromosome 8 between RM3819 and RM5556. Then, the fine mapping was performed with 1078 F₂ population developed from Ats1 and IR36. The ATS1 locus was finely mapped in an 85.7 kb region between RM22448 and STS8‐2 with 8 genes according to the rice annotation project database. Sequence analysis of the candidate genes within the delimited region of the Ats1 and Akihikari showed two‐nucleotide changes, including single‐nucleotide substitutions corresponding to an amino acid substitution from asparagine to lysine acid in exons 3 and a 1‐bp deletion resulting in a premature stop codon in exon 22 at the candidate gene, LOC_Os08g06480. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker, CAPS‐ats1, was developed from the 1‐bp deletion site. The complete cosegregation of the CAPS genotypes with the matching phenotypes were observed in the F₂ populations. This suggested that Os08g06480 is most likely the ATS1 gene. These results will provide more information for better understanding of the molecular mechanism governing top spikelet abortion within a short developmental period.     

微生物利用农业有机废物发酵产乳酸的研究进展

为了降低乳酸发酵成本,减少环境污染,提高乳酸发酵的工业适应性,以农业有机废物等可再生资源为原料,微生物发酵方法生产乳酸克服了传统方法的弊端,得到广泛的应用。在介绍发酵产乳酸的微生物类群及代谢途径基础上,系统论述了微生物利用农业有机废物发酵产乳酸的研究进展,并介绍了乳酸的发酵、提取和纯化工艺。最后,从开发微生物种质资源、优化发酵和提纯工艺、扩大资源利用3个层面,展望了微生物利用农业有机废物发酵产乳酸的前景。     

数控温室下红花槭的嫩枝扦插技术

红花槭为不易扦插成活的树种,其扦插对环境、插穗的木质化程度等条件要求较高。该研究利用温室自动化控制系统,通过温室环境信息与温室决策控制系统的嵌合,实现对空气湿度、温度、光照强度的控制,以提高红花槭的嫩枝扦插成活率。结果表明,红花槭的扦插深度以5 cm生根效果最好。8月下旬,红花槭插穗生根率最高,达82.3%,5月次之。生根效果以基质含水量为65%、80%的处理最高,扦插后期,应适当降低基质水分。红花槭嫩枝以100 mg/LABT1#或200 mg/LNAA浸泡6 h为最佳。试验结果可以直接指导红花槭温室规模化生产。     

涌泉灌双向流流道稳流器工作机理与水力性能分析

为了研究双向流稳流器流道结构的水力特性,以其内部双向流形成装置和结构参数为研究对象,取流道结构参数八字形分水件张角α,V字形挡水件张角β、八字形分水件中部过水孔宽度d为因素安排试验方案,利用激光精雕技术制作稳流器样机进行水力试验,测得0.05~0.21 MPa等9个不同压力对应的流量值,应用多元回归拟合其流态指数在0.476~0.501,其水力性能良好;同时采用水力学计算方法,计算当稳流器工作水头分别在5~15 m时,流道总局部损失系数为18.3~19.8,大约是1组传统流道形式局部损失系数的4~10倍,从水力学计算的角度表明双向流流道消能效果的优越性;采用Minitab软件的Gauss-Newton算法进行多元回归,迭代次数设为200次,建立流态指数与结构参数之间的回归方程,通过显著性检验和相关系数检验结论一致,均显示回归效果具有统计学意义,且各因子的系数均有意义,为其流道参数化设计、结构优化以及在农业工程中的研发与应用提供了理论依据.     

碱解蒸馏电位滴定法测定土壤中水解性氮含量

采用自动定氮仪碱解蒸馏法提取土壤中水解性氮,并用电位滴定法进行测定,计算土壤中水解性氮的含量。该方法操作简便,准确度好,精密度高,适于大批量样品的检测分析。      

秸秆深还对土壤水分转移及产量的影响

采用田间试验方法,将玉米秸秆切段、粗粉碎、细粉碎、细粉碎后压粒和细粉碎后氨化处理,研究玉米秸秆深施还田对土壤水分转移及产量的影响。结果表明,秸秆粉碎程度越细,吸水能力越强,深施后土壤渗水速度越快;粉碎的秸秆较其他处理更能促进土壤水分竖直方向转移;各处理的蓄水能力表现为粉碎状秸秆处理段状秸秆处理CK(不施秸秆),且细粉碎、细粉碎后氨化处理在还田初期就能呈现出明显的蓄水效果;秸秆粉碎状态越细,深施后土壤容重减小的速度和幅度越大,细粉碎处理和细粉碎后氨化处理能在还田初期对减小土壤容重产生明显作用,播种后25 d,土壤容重减小幅度最大,分别达0.052和0.045 g/cm3;秸秆深施还田有效提高玉米产量,产量排序为细粉碎细粉碎后氨化处理粗粉碎细粉碎后压粒秸秆切段CK(不施秸秆),其中细粉碎处理对玉米产量的增加影响最明显。     

小麦地方品种黄方柱中赤霉病主效抗性位点 Fhb1的精细定位

位于小麦3BS染色体上的赤霉病抗性主效基因Fhb1的效应较大而且比较稳定,是培育抗赤霉病品种最常用和最可靠的位点。我国小麦地方品种黄方柱（HFZ）高抗赤霉病且在3BS染色体上携带Fhb1基因。本研究对HFZ/Wheaton重组自交系（RIL）群体的Fhb1位点进行分子标记检测,筛选到两个杂合子株系,并对这两个杂合子株系连续自交3代,衍生出2个次级分离群体（L30和L112）,将这两个次级分离群体在扬州大学农学院试验田种植,并在扬花期进行单花滴注接种鉴定赤霉病,调查这两个群体中各株系的病小穗数、病小穗率、病粒数和病粒率。结果表明,L30和L112两个群体的病小穗数和病小穗率均显著正相关,病粒数和病粒率均显著正相关。同时依据小麦3B染色体参考序列开发了7个新的多态性标记,分别是 X1550、X2214、X2300、X2357、X2455、X2460和X2467。用这些多态性分子标记进行基因型检测,在目标位点发现5个交换株系,根据基因型和病小穗率,进一步将Fhb1定位在分子标记 X2214与 X2357之间,在ctg0954b上这两个分子标记之间的物理距离约为143 kb,NCBI预测该区间有3个候选基因,但是FGENESH在相同区段预测了29个基因,说明目标区段所具有的基因数目很可能多于3个,但少于29个。     

7种林木植物对华北大黑鳃金龟取食和繁殖的影响

为明确华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita(Faldermann)的嗜食植物,优化其室内人工饲养技术及为诱虫植物提供候选材料,以花生叶片为对照,研究了7种林木植物叶片对华北大黑鳃金龟取食和繁殖的影响。结果表明,华北大黑鳃金龟对8种植物日均取食量由高到低依次为金叶女贞、刺槐、核桃、榆树、花生、柳树、香椿、毛白杨,其中金叶女贞、香椿和毛白杨与花生间有极显著差异,金叶女贞与刺槐、核桃、榆树间无显著差异;单雌产卵量由高到低依次为金叶女贞、柳树、核桃、香椿、花生、榆树、毛白杨、刺槐,其中金叶女贞、柳树、核桃、刺槐与花生间有极显著差异,而金叶女贞与柳树间无显著差异。研究表明,饲养华北大黑鳃金龟成虫适宜饲料植物为金叶女贞,日均取食量最高为4.70 g,产卵期最长为56.00 d,单雌产卵量最多为58.88个,其次为核桃和柳树。     

葡萄花芽发育相关基因在不同节位芽中的表达分析

【目的】通过对‘藤稔’葡萄花发育相关基因及物候期的研究,揭示葡萄枝蔓上不同节位芽发育早晚与快慢的机理。【方法】以8年生‘藤稔’葡萄（Fujiminori）为试材,选取生长势基本均匀、粗度基本一致（枝条粗度约为1.15cm）,节数约为35节的一年生枝条,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对8个花发育相关基因（VvFT、VvSOC1、VvAP1、VvAP2、VvAP3、VvFUL、VvAG和VvFLC）在不同节位芽中的时空表达特性进行研究。并对其花芽分化的物候期进行观察统计。【结果】‘藤稔’葡萄花芽超节位分化的特点明显。高节位上的花芽分化由底部向上部逐渐进行,上部花芽分化的时间明显短于底部先分化的芽。第一个芽从4月下旬或5月初开始形成和发育,顶部最后一个芽的形成时间是九月中下旬。从发育时间长短看,先分化的花芽生长发育时间比最后发育的多5个月。虽然不同节位芽的生长发育时间相差很大,但是其翌年都能发育成花器官,且花期时间基本一致。不同节位芽发育相关基因表达水平有所不同。不同节位芽中VvFT的表达水平都较低且在一年的生长季节内的变化不大;VvSOC1在各个生长时期不同节位芽中都有很高的表达,并且基本都呈现较一致的变化趋势。下部节位和上部节位芽中VvAP1、VvAP2、VvAP3、VvFUL表达的变化波动很小,而在中部节位芽中的表达变化则较大,存在一个明显的先上升后降低的过程,且在中部节位芽（8、11、15节位）中的表达量要高于其他节位;VvAG的表达趋势与VvAP1、VvAP2、VvAP3、VvFUL的表达趋势不同,其表达量逐步降低,表达高峰主要集中在芽发育的早期。中部节位的芽分化时间长,分化速度慢,基因的表达水平高,下部和上部节位的芽分化时间短,分化速度快,基因表达水平低,但其能维持相对较长时间的表达,最终不同节位的芽发育渐趋一致。【结论】不同节位花芽分化基因相对表达水平以及相对高水平表达持续时间有所不同。同一枝蔓上,花发育相关基因在中部芽中的表达量高于上部芽和下部芽,这可能是导致葡萄不同节位芽发育质量存在差异的因素之一。