利用Wood模型拟合中国荷斯坦牛乳脂率变化的效果分析

为了解中国荷斯坦牛乳脂率变化规律,本文利用Wood模型对我国南方5个大中型奶牛场2008~2010年1~3胎中国荷斯坦牛33 194条测定日乳脂率进行曲线拟合。结果表明:中国荷斯坦牛乳脂率变化曲线为典型的倒抛物线形,第一胎拟合度最高(0.9820),第三胎最低(0.9789)。二胎牛乳脂率最先达到最低点(第16周),而三胎乳脂率最后达到(第19周)。就最低乳脂率而言,二胎牛最大(3.54%),而三胎牛最小(3.45%)。综合各方面情况得出,Wood模型适用于中国荷斯坦牛乳脂率变化的曲线拟合。     

村支书工作倦怠感研究

研究就村支书工作倦怠源、工作倦怠感以及心理上、生理上、行为上产生的一系列不良反应进行探索,并且给出改善工作倦怠感的建议和意见。     

Overload of ferric ammonium citrate triggers MAPK pathways by producing high level of reactive oxygen species and induces apoptosis of human hFOB1.19 osteoblast cells

AIM：To investigate the role of reative oxygen species (ROS) generated by iron overload in activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and apoptosis. METHODS：Cultured human osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19 was treated with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) at concentrations of 0~500 μmoL/L. The proliferation of hFOB1.19 cells was analyzed by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining. The expression levels of p-ERK, p-JNK and p-p38 were determined by Western blotting 24 h after treatment with FAC. RESULTS：After treated with FAC, the cell proliferation was inhibited. The early apoptosis and total cell death were significantly increased. The levels of ROS were increased to (35.73±2.52)%, (62.89±4.24)% and (76.06±3.55)% with the increasing doses of FAC treatmen,respectively. The expression levels of p-ERK, p-JNK and p-p38 were also remarkably elevated in FAC groups. CONCLUSION：Iron overload increases intracellular ROS level, thus triggering the MAPK pathways and inducing apoptosis of human hFOB1.19 osteoblast cells.     

Variation of Color and Ray Pattern in Juvenile Shells in Hatchery‐produced Freshwater Triangle Pearl Mussels,Hyriopsis cumingii,in China

The variation and inheritance of juvenile shell color and pigmentation pattern in the freshwater mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii, were reported in 1‐yr‐old progeny of eight families. There were three distinctive phenotypes of shell color and pigmentation patterns observed, including a greenish‐brown shell with radial rays, yellowish‐brown shell with radial rays, and yellowish‐brown shell without radial rays. There were no greenish‐brown individuals without radial rays. The shell color phenotypes showed variation with the growth in juvenile Stage I (1–3 cm in shell length), and the percentage of individuals with radial rays increased once they reached a shell length of 11 mm and then stabilized after reaching 20 mm in shell length. Shell color differentiation became more apparent at a shell length of 26 mm. Results of chi‐square tests of the segregation ratio of shell color or ray phenotypes obtained from eight families at juvenile Stage II (6–9 cm in shell length) suggested that greenish‐brown is controlled by a dominant allele (G) and yellowish‐brown‐shell phenotype is by a recessive allele (y); the ray pattern phenotype is controlled by a recessive (r) and a dominant allele (R) at a single locus. Shell color phenotypes may be a useful genetic marker for future selective breeding of triangle pearl mussels.     

益生菌发酵红薯渣对肉牛生长性能、养分表观消化率的影响

为研究益生菌发酵红薯渣对肉牛生长性能、养分表观消化率的影响,采用单因素随机设计试验,选择体重相近、健康的育肥肉牛40头随机分成4组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头,试验1组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组分别用10%、15%、20%益生菌发酵红薯渣替代饲粮中的玉米,预试验10 d,试验期60 d。结果表明:(1)试验3、4组的平均日增重较1组比分别提高16.9、14.1%(P<0.05),试验2、3、4组的平均采食量均高于1组(P>0.05);试验3、4组的料重比较1组比分别降低14.9%、12.4%(P<0.05);(2)试验2、3、4组干物质、蛋白质、钙、磷的表观消化率均高于1组(P 0.05);试验3、4组的中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率较1组比分别提高12.7%、11.0%、18.9%、16.4%(P<0.05)。综上,益生菌发酵红薯渣替代饲料中15%玉米,可以提高肉牛的生长性能和养分表观消化率。     

Association between weight change during initial chemotherapy and clinical outcome in dogs with multicentric lymphoma

The majority of the known prognostic factors in dogs with lymphoma have been evaluated before treatment commences or at the time of diagnosis. Prognostic factors evaluated during the initial phase of treatment are less described but may provide important clinical information. In this retrospective study, 82 canine lymphoma patients were categorized according to the weight change between diagnosis and after 5 weeks of chemotherapy. Dogs that gained greater than 5% or lost greater than 5% of initial body weight were categorized as increased‐ or decreased‐weight groups, respectively. Those in which weight changed less than 5% were categorized as the maintained‐weight group. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) in the increased‐weight group, maintained‐weight group and decreased‐weight group was 226, 256 and 129 days, respectively. The decreased‐weight group had significantly shorter PFS than the increased and maintained groups (P = .023, P = .003, respectively). The median survival time (ST) in the increased‐weight group, maintained‐weight group and decreased‐weight group was 320, 339 and 222 days, respectively. There was no significant difference in ST among the three groups (P = .128). In Cox‐regression results, weight change group and initial body weight were significant risk factors associated to PFS (P = .007, P = .001, respectively) while only patient's initial body weight was a significant risk factor to ST (P = .013). In conclusion, evaluation of initial body weight and weight changes over time can provide valuable information regarding PFS and ST in dogs with multicentric lymphoma.     

拷贝数变异在畜禽中的研究进展

拷贝数变异（copy number variation,CNV）具有多种形式的变异结构,在品种多样性、生物进化和疾病相关性等研究中起着重要作用,并具有片段长度大、覆盖范围广等特点。随着分子生物学的发展及DNA测序技术的日渐成熟,人们对遗传变异的研究不断向DNA分子水平深入,多态性标记在畜禽育种中已逐渐成为动物育种研究的趋势和主流。由于CNV对基因的调控和表达所造成的影响更为显著,因此,CNV在重要畜禽中的研究越来越多。目前,已检测出大量有关畜禽重要经济性状的基因序列变异,并有许多研究均表明CNV与动物的重要经济特征及疾病的发生有关。笔者主要通过参考国内外相关的研究报道,简述了CNV的相关研究背景、概念、突变机制,归纳总结了CNV对牛、羊、猪、鸡的经济性状、繁殖性状和疾病调控的影响,以期通过对这些重要畜禽的基因组学研究揭示其适应性遗传机理和表型性状差异的遗传基础,开发相应的分子遗传标记,为畜禽的标记辅助选育提供理论基础。     

抗旱、耐盐碱、矮秆陆地棉数量性状的遗传相关及主成份分析

对从国内外引进的抗旱、耐盐碱、矮杆棉花资源材料 ,经抗旱、耐盐碱、矮杆性鉴定和比较 ,选取了其中表现较好的 1 9份材料 ,进行了遗传相关和主成份分析 ,结果表明 :在 5 0 mmol· L- 1Na Cland1 0 0 mmol· L- 1Na Cl胁迫下的出苗率间呈正相关 ,抗盐性与产量间呈负相关 ;第一棉铃高度与纤维品质性状呈正相关。抗旱、耐盐碱、矮杆棉花材料的前 6个因子贡献率达 86.5 % ,其分别为第一棉铃高度因子、果枝数因子、单株结铃数因子、矮杆因子、单铃重因子等     

Screening of Probiotics Inhibiting E. coli K88 in vitro

The probiotics tested in the experiment were isolated from the intestinal of weaning piglets.The isolated probiotics and E.coli K88 were inoculated into the culture of intestinal porcine epithelial cell-1 (IPEC-1).The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant was measured after incubating for 2.5 h.At the same time, the probiotics and E.coli K88 were co-cultured in vitro, the number of E.coli K88 was counted and the probiotics which could be resistant to the E.coli K88 were selected 2.5 h later.The results showed that the Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulans could significantly reduce LDH activity (P<0.05), decrease the damage of E.coli K88; Bacillus coagulans could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88.At the same time, Bacillus coagulans could resist high temperature, acid and bile salt.The results showed that Bacillus coagulans strains had great potential as the application of probiotics strains.The methods could be used as a model of screen probiotics which could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88 in vitro.