一种快速微量提取柑橘早期胚基因组DNA的方法

[目的]建立一种快速微量提取柑橘基因组DNA的方法。[方法]采用优化的CTAB微量提取法,以20.0、10.0、5.0、2.5 mg早期杂种胚为材料进行基因组DNA的提取,并对其DNA进行质量检测和SSR验证。[结果]该方法简单易行,所需材料少,提取的DNA纯度较高,OD260nm/OD280nm在1.800～2.000,可满足SSR等以PCR扩增为基础的试验需要。[结论]建立的方法可以用于快速微量提取柑橘基因组DNA。     

Bilateral ovarian adenocarcinoma in a mare causing haemoperitoneum and colic

Abstract

CASE HISTORY: A 13-year-old Thoroughbred mare was presented with a history of mild colic over 3 days. This colic had acutely exacerbated and was unresponsive to analgesic treatment, and was referred to Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: On examination the heart rate was 100 beats per minute, and mucous membranes were pale and tacky. A large mass was detected on transrectal palpation in the caudal abdomen to the left of midline. Explorative laparotomy revealed severe haemoperitoneum and several masses that were associated with the reproductive tract. The mare was then subject to euthanasia. On post-mortem examination, adjacent and attached to each ovary were soft, lobulated dark red masses up to 200 mm in diameter. Similar masses were present in the omentum and on the peritoneal surface of the diaphragm and the serosa of the spleen and liver. Histopathology revealed that the neoplastic component of the masses comprised proliferating cuboidal to columnar cells forming disorganised acini and cords separated by dense collagenous stroma. Immunohistochemistry showed the neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and vimentin, but negative for cytokeratin 7 and inhibin α.

DIAGNOSIS: Bilateral ovarian adenocarcinoma with transcoelomic metastasis and terminal decompensation due to rupture of a neoplastic mass and consequent haemoperitoneum.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To the authors' knowledge, bilateral ovarian adenocarcinoma has not been previously reported in a horse. Ovarian adenocarcinoma should be considered when horses present with haemoperitoneum and colic. Further research is required on the immunohistochemical differentiation of adenocarcinoma of ovarian and intestinal origin in the horse.     

Insecticide resistance inFrankliniella occidentalis: Corroboration of laboratory assays with field data and cross-resistance in a cypermethrin-resistant strain

Field efficacy of five insecticides to a greenhouse strain ofFrankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of known resistance status was studied. In a greenhouse trial, the mortality of aF. occidentalis strain (Uncali) which exhibited resistance only against cypermethrin in laboratory assays, reached 56%, 68%, 82%, 94% and 99%, 24 h after application of abamectin, cypermethrin, endosulfan, malathion and methomyl, respectively. In the laboratory, for larval mortality equal to that achieved in the field, much lower doses — half of the field dose of cypermethrin and endosulfan, and one-third and one-sixth of malathion and methomyl, respectively, were required in topical application. Because of differences between laboratory and field responses ofF. occidentalis to insecticides, a sound resistance evaluation program to determine field efficacy of insecticides is needed. Resistance increased 28.0- and 139.3-fold at LC₅₀ in theF. occidentalis strain subjected to 27 and 44 cycles of cypermethrin selection, respectively. A slight cross-resistance of two- to threefold was found with endosulfan, malathion and methomyl and no cross-resistance was observed with abamectin. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting August 4, 2008.     

Effects of mechanical stress in under-sized clams, Tapes philippinarum: a laboratory approach

The present study is a first attempt at evaluating the effects of repeated disturbance, such as that caused by mechanical fishing systems, on the target species, Tapes philippinarum, intensively exploited in the Lagoon of Venice (North-East Italy). In particular, in free-access fishing grounds, detrimental effects of dredging may be suffered by under-sized clams, which are disturbed by fishing tools many times throughout their lives before they are collected. Similar mechanical stress conditions are experienced by T. philippinarum in licensed areas, where they are farmed in aquaculture conditions and undergo the harmful impact of hydraulic dredging. To evaluate the effects of short-term mechanical stress, under-sized clams were subjected to experimental shaking in the laboratory, and detrimental effects on their well-being were investigated by applying the biomarker approach. Changes in physiological, biochemical and behavioural responses were evaluated by determining scope for growth, adenylate energy charge, survival in air time, reburrowing time, and shell damage level. Responses highlighted general worsening in clam condition as mechanical stress increased. Among the various measurements, survival in air and reburrowing time appeared particularly suitable as indices, their responsiveness and applicability suggesting their use in assessing mechanical stress due to dredging in field conditions.     

Follow-up of mercury levels in fish,human hair and urine in the Madeira and Tapajós basins,Amazon, Brazil

Informal economy of gold mining has contaminated some important river basins in Amazon. Follow-up studies on critical compartments showed some areas with high Hg levels in fish as well as in human hair samples. Average Hg in piscivorous fish in the Madeira river itself was 846 ppb (N=284) with a maximum of 3921 ppb. Mercury in fish from non polluted areas in this basin shows high variability, even for single species. A seasonal variation in Hg content was observed, with higher values at the end of the dry season. In the upper Tapajós basin comparable values were found for fish but with a definite decreasing trend downstream. Average value for piscivorous fish in the whole Tapajós basin is 482 ppb (N=122) with a maximum value of 3770 ppb. Hair Hg was higher in fishing villages in the Tapajós (average: 17 ppm; with N=432 and maximum value of 176 ppm) than in the Madeira (average: 9 ppm; N=169; maximum 71 ppm), and data from some areas of the Tapajós suggest a decrease with time. Mercury was much higher in urine of goldshop workers in Santarém (low Tapajós) than in Alta Floresta (high Tapajbs) and show a decreasing trend in both cases, probably related to the significant decline in gold mining activities during the study period (1986–1994).     

哈萨克牛四种蛋白多态与体尺性状关系的分析

哈萨克牛 Tf、Ptf、Alb和 Pa等 4个蛋白位点分别有 4、2、2和 3种表型 ,分别受 3、2、2和 2个共显性等位基因支配。应用最小二乘法拟合线性模型 ,研究 4个蛋白位点的基因型与哈萨克牛体尺性状间的关系 ,结果表明 ,在胸深性状上 ,Tf AE型的 LSE值显著高于 Tf DE型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;在胸围性状上 ,Tf AE型的 LSE值极显著高于 Tf DE型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 1 ) :对于胸深性状 ,Ptf AA型的LSE值显著高于 Ptf AB型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;在腰角宽性状上 ,Alb AA型的 LSE值显著高于 Alb AB型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;对于臀端高性状 ,Pa AA型的 LSE值极显著高于 Pa AB型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ;对于十字部高性状 ,Pa AA型的 LSE值显著高于 Pa AB型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 5 )     

考虑部件弹性变形的平衡悬架运动干涉分析

研究了某特种重型车三轴平衡悬架在考虑车架、摆臂等主要部件弹性变形基础上的运动干涉校核问题,建立了基于整车的有限元计算模型并进行了计算分析。计算分析结果表明,对于特殊情况下不考虑车架等主要部件的弹性变形进行多轴平衡悬架运动干涉校核是不充分的,可能会得到不正确的结果。     

Increased Inflammatory Mediators in Horses Naturally Infected with Trypanosoma vivax. A Preliminary Study

The aim of this study was to measure the levels of inflammatory mediators in serum from horses naturally infected with Trypanosoma vivax. Banked serum samples collected during a previously reported T. vivax natural infection were used to analyze proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and nitrite/nitrate (NO_x) levels. We evaluated 12 serum samples from horses from a farm in southern Brazil, four of which had parasitological and molecular diagnoses for T. vivax and presented with clinical signs of disease. Cytokines were assessed by quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and NO_x was measured using the modified Griess method. Levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and NO_x were increased in serum of infected animals compared to that in noninfected animals. Therefore, infection with T. vivax caused an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide content.     

贵州茶叶加工业与国内外比较的现状及发展趋势

根据贵州茶叶加工业与国内外比较的现状、存在问题和制约发展的因素,以贵州得天独厚的气候资源优势、生产潜力、良种和品牌为基础。浅析贵州茶叶加工业的发展趋势：认为在“十一五”期间,贵州茶叶栽培面积将稳定增长。加工规模不断扩大;茶叶消费市场需求将持续增长;科学技术的提升将促进茶叶加工业的可持续发展;茶叶深加工是茶产业经济的新增长点;贵州茶叶加工业的发展方向是实现茶叶加工产业化。     

牦牛大肠埃希氏菌病灭活疫苗的制备

用本实验室分离鉴定的致病性牦牛大肠埃希氏菌，按常规方法制备了4批氢氧化铝胶灭活疫苗。对牦牛大肠埃希氏菌的菌液培养、纯粹检验、活菌计数、灭活等进行了探索，并对用该菌研制成的疫苗进行了常规检验。结果4批灭活疫苗经无菌检验为阴性；经物理性状检验为：静置后上层是淡黄色的澄明液体，下层为灰白色沉淀，振荡后呈均匀混浊液；经牦牛安全检验结果为安全；经牦牛效力试验有效。牦牛大肠埃希氏菌病灭活疫苗为免疫预防该病打下了良好的基础。