饲料脂肪水平对拟穴青蟹仔蟹生长性能、体组成及消化酶活性的影响

本试验以初始体重为(0.042±0.002)g的拟穴青蟹仔蟹为研究对象,以鱼油和大豆油(1∶1)为脂肪源,配制脂肪水平分别为1.93%、3.95%、6.35%、8.14%、10.54%、12.30%、14.22%(实测值)的7种等氮等能试验饲料,养殖期为3周,用以研究饲料脂肪水平对拟穴青蟹仔蟹生长性能、体组成及消化酶活性的影响。每100只拟穴青蟹仔蟹为1个重复,每3个重复饲喂1种试验饲料。结果表明:1)饲料脂肪水平对拟穴青蟹仔蟹的增重率和特定生长率有显著影响(P0.05)。随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,增重率和特定生长率均呈先增后降的趋势,在饲料脂肪水平为8.14%时,增重率和特定生长率达到最大值。二次曲线回归分析确定当增重率达到最大值时,饲料脂肪水平为7.52%。拟穴青蟹仔蟹的成活率在饲料脂肪水平为14.22%的组最低,显著低于其余各组(P0.05)。2)饲料脂肪水平对全蟹中粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量有影响显著(P0.05)。全蟹粗蛋白质含量随着饲料脂肪水平的升高先升后降,在饲料脂肪水平为8.14%的组全蟹粗蛋白质含量达到最高;全蟹粗脂肪含量则随着饲料脂肪水平的升高而持续上升,在饲料脂肪水平为14.22%的组全蟹粗脂肪含量达到最高。饲料脂肪水平对全蟹中水分和粗灰分含量没有显著影响(P0.05)。3)随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,拟穴青蟹仔蟹蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性均呈先增后降的趋势,3种酶活性的最大值均出现在饲料脂肪水平为8.14%的组。由此得出,以增重率为评价指标,拟穴青蟹仔蟹饲料中最适脂肪水平为7.52%。     

新城疫病毒(NDV)HN基因真核表达重组质粒的构建

应用一对自行设计的引物,通过反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)获得新城疫病毒(NDV)Lasota株的血凝素神经氨酸酶(HN)基因片段,其长度约为1.7 kb,与已报道的NDV-HN基因片段大小一致.再将该HN基因片段定向插入真核表达质粒pcDNA3中,经酶切和测序鉴定,表明构建的重组质粒含有NDV-HN基因片段.     

SQLite数据库在嵌入式果蔬保鲜运输车监测系统中的应用

在嵌入式果蔬保鲜运输车监测系统中,需要记录和查询车内温度、湿度等大量数据.本研究使用SQLite开源数据库来实现这些功能,设计了数据库的功能和结构,对数据库进行了移植,将数据库集成到监测系统中.同时,对所设计的SQLite数据库进行了实验验证,结果表明达到了设计目的,可以满足果蔬保鲜运输车监测系统的要求.     

EMS诱导水稻中花11突变体的筛选和鉴定

用化学诱变剂甲基黄酸乙脂(Ethyl metbane sulphonate简称。EMS)对粳稻品种“中花11”进行诱变处理,以构建突变体库。结果表明：0．5％EMS溶液处理的水稻种子,再经0.5％和0．7％EMS溶液复合处理,发生突变的频率为12.4％,复合处理的诱变效果优于一次性处理。EMS诱变产生的突变体,后代发生分离的基因数量少,稳定性较好,但不同的株系所产生的突变类型丰富。EMS诱变产生的主要突变类型有：穗部形态突变、籽粒形态突变、茎秆形态突变、叶片性状突变、育性突变及熟期突变等。通过近四年的诱变、筛选,已鉴定EMS诱变产生的突变体861份;同时对部分突变性状如簇生穗、树稻等进行了遗传分析试验;另外在M3筛选到一个生产上能推广使用的水稻突变新品系。     

Insecticide resistance inFrankliniella occidentalis: Corroboration of laboratory assays with field data and cross-resistance in a cypermethrin-resistant strain

Field efficacy of five insecticides to a greenhouse strain ofFrankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of known resistance status was studied. In a greenhouse trial, the mortality of aF. occidentalis strain (Uncali) which exhibited resistance only against cypermethrin in laboratory assays, reached 56%, 68%, 82%, 94% and 99%, 24 h after application of abamectin, cypermethrin, endosulfan, malathion and methomyl, respectively. In the laboratory, for larval mortality equal to that achieved in the field, much lower doses — half of the field dose of cypermethrin and endosulfan, and one-third and one-sixth of malathion and methomyl, respectively, were required in topical application. Because of differences between laboratory and field responses ofF. occidentalis to insecticides, a sound resistance evaluation program to determine field efficacy of insecticides is needed. Resistance increased 28.0- and 139.3-fold at LC₅₀ in theF. occidentalis strain subjected to 27 and 44 cycles of cypermethrin selection, respectively. A slight cross-resistance of two- to threefold was found with endosulfan, malathion and methomyl and no cross-resistance was observed with abamectin. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting August 4, 2008.     

猪流行性腹泻病毒N蛋白核仁定位信号对宿主细胞周期的影响

为研究猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)核衣壳蛋白(N)与宿主细胞相互作用,本研究根据前期已经鉴定的PEDV N蛋白核仁定位信号序列,利用重叠延伸PCR(SOE-PCR)方法扩增出核仁定位信号序列缺失的PEDV N基因(dN),并将其与真核表达载体pAc-GFP-C1连接,构建重组质粒pAc-GFP-dN。将pAc-GFP-dN转染于Vero E6细胞中,利用激光共聚焦显微镜分析重组质粒pAc-GFP-dN表达蛋白的定位情况,并利用流式细胞仪检测转染细胞的周期变化。实验结果表明:与完整的N蛋白相比,缺失核仁定位信号的N蛋白不能定位于细胞核仁,同时丧失了使宿主细胞周期在G2/M期停滞的能力,从而揭示了N蛋白核仁定位信号对宿主细胞具有重要的影响。     

Effect of dietary supplementation of inulin and W. cibaria on haemato‐immunological parameters of hybrid surubim (Pseudoplatystoma sp)

The dietary supplementation of prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotic in hybrid surubins (a Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and P. fasciatum cross) was evaluated for the effects on their autochthonous intestinal microbiota and on haematological and immunological parameters. A total of 160 fish were divided into four treatment groups with four replicates each. The treatment groups were fed with the following diets for 15 days: control diet without supplementation; 0.5% inulin (prebiotic) supplementation; Weissella cibaria (CPQBA 001‐10 DRM 02) (7.87 ± 0.2 log CFU g^?1) supplementation; or 0.5% inulin and W. cibaria supplementation (symbiotic group). The midgut intestines of the fish with the symbiotic diet supplementation had higher concentrations of lactic acid bacteria (7.07 ± 1.11 log CFU g^?1) and low levels of Vibrio spp (1.90 ± 0.60 log CFU g^?1) and Pseudomonas spp (2.23 ± 1.48 log CFU g^?1). In addition, increased erythrocytes and reduced circulating neutrophils were observed in this group. No differences in blood glucose, serum protein or lysozyme levels were detected between treatment groups. However, a higher concentration of total immunoglobulin was observed in fish fed with the probiotic and symbiotic diets. The addition of 0.5% inulin (prebiotic) thus W. cibaria (probiotic) to the diet of Pseudoplatystoma hybrid surubins reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria and stimulate the beneficial intestinal microbiota and may possibly alter their immune defence system.     

Genetic divergence among gerbera accessions evaluated by RAPD

Genetic diversity was evaluated by RAPD markers and morpho-agronomic characters for a total of 42 accessions of Barberton daisy (Gerbera jamesonii) consisting of 29 commercial and 13 wild accessions. A total of 74 polymorphic bands were obtained employing a set of 12 primer pairs. The average genetic similarity coefficient for the 42 accessions, evaluated by Jaccard index was 0.55 ranging from 0.28 to 1.00. The genetic structure found among Barberton daisy accessions was evaluated by hierarchic classification analyses and UPGMA modeling, revealing six clusters of genotypes where two of them include the wild accessions and the remaining four including commercial material, except for wild genotype number 9. Shannon (H′) index was calculated using the molecular markers to investigate the genetic variation among the Gerbera accessions and showed higher values for the commercial cluster in comparison to the values obtained for the individuals from the non-commercial cluster, namely 0.34 versus 0.27, respectively. Therefore, both calculated indices (Jaccard and Shannon) indicated the presence of higher genetic variation among commercial accessions in comparison to the cluster representing non-commercial accessions, suggesting that genetic breeding programs may focus on commercial accessions to recombine interesting genotypes with commercially important and marketing-desired characteristics.     

Effects of formalin on total haemocytes count and histopathological changes in the shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti (Pérez‐Farfante & Kensley 1997)

Formalin is used in shrimp industry to eliminate ectoparasites and as a disinfectant. However, the effect of formalin on shrimp's defense mechanism is unknown. Several biomarkers were used to assess the immune response of juveniles of the shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti exposed to different concentrations of formalin (10, 25 and 50 mg L^?1) during 24 and 48 h. Formalin concentrations of 25 and 50 mg L^?1 produced a significant reduction in the total haemocyte count at both 24 and 48 h. Peroxidase and phenoloxidase activity did not show variations. The total protein concentration in haemolymph of shrimps was not significantly different between experimental groups. Histological analysis showed hyperplasia in the gills of animals exposed at 10 mg L^?1 for 24 h; however, the exposure at 25 and 50 mg L^?1 caused necrosis in gills, hepathopancreas and the antennal gland.     

苹果可溶性固形物含量的检测方法——基于可见光近红外光谱技术

为了快速检测苹果的可溶性固形物(SSC)含量,采用可见光近红外光谱技术,结合主成分分析(PCA)和BP神经网络技术,来建立苹果SSC的预测模型.获取苹果样本在345～1039 nm波段的漫反射光谱,采用DPS数据处理系统对其进行主成分分析,并提取出累计可信度大于95 %的5个新主成分.建立一个3层的BP神经网络模型,并将这5个新的主成分作为BP神经网络模型的输入量,其结果是98 %以上预测样本的预测相对误差在5 %以下.该研究表明,采用近红外光谱技术来建立苹果可溶性固形物的预测模型是可行的.