中国可持续农业发展中的农林复合系统评价

中国是一个具有生物地理多样性和复杂社会经济条件的大国，其农林业资源的可持续性正在受到变化的自然和社会经济环境的严峻挑战。分析表明，多样化的农林复合系统（Ａｇｒｏｆｏｒｅｓｔｒｙｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ）在中国各主要区域可持续农业发展中起着十分重要的作用。然而，适用于多样化的农林复合系统综合评价方法的缺陷，使农林复合系统具有的优势难以得到真实的反映。文章从单一目标评价、多目标评价、风险评价和社会经济评价四个方面，分析了其在中国农林复合系统评价中的应用。分析显示中国农林复合系统的评价主要局限于财务效益方法。从农业可持续发展的宏观背景出发，这显然是不够的。文章接着探讨了在人类生态学理论的基本框架中，农业生态系统分析方法、农业系统分析方法及农林复合系统设计与诊断方法在农林复合系统评价中综合运用的可能性。并指出模型方法，特别是多目标规划方法，由于其与农林复合系统多功能特性一致，具有很大应用潜力。文章最后给出了农林复合系统综合评价的理论构架，指出农林复合系统是个特殊的具有多层次、多功能和多效益特征的农业生态系统。农林复合系统的综合评价必须从可持续发展的观点出发，设计和选择包括生态、经济和社会文化方面的多目标标准体系，并在不同层次     

禽巴氏杆菌B_(26)-T_(1200)弱毒冻干苗的研究 Ⅰ.禽巴氏杆菌B_(26)- T_(1200)弱毒菌株的选育

从广西各地患禽巴氏杆菌病急性死亡的鸡、鸭肝脏分离出５６株禽巴氏杆菌强毒株,经培养特性和生化特性试验鉴定,从中选出１５株典型禽巴氏杆菌菌株。Ｃａｒｔｅｒ荚膜抗原分型鉴定,１５株菌均为荚膜Ａ型,间接血凝滴度为１∶１６０～１∶６４０。通过毒力和免疫原性测定,从中选择毒力较强、免疫原性较好的Ｂ２５、Ｂ２６、Ｂ２７３菌株进行人工致弱,其中Ｂ２６菌株在０．１％裂解全血马丁汤中,通过物理诱变方法致弱,即在传代过程中,把培养温度由３７℃逐渐提高到４５℃,每１２ｈ传１代而成功致弱,传至１２００代时,毒力显著减弱,且仍保持其良好的免疫原性和培养特性,从而获得了禽巴氏杆菌Ｂ２６－Ｔ１２００弱毒菌株     

Promoter anchored amplified polymorphism based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (PAAP-RAPD) in cotton

Non-coding sequences account for a majority of the higher plant genome, some of which have important effects in gene regulation and plant development. In an effort to develop molecular marker systems to search for polymorphisms associated with high fiber yield and quality in cotton, we have developed a methodology that could specifically target the regulatory regions of the cotton genome. In this study we designed 10-nucleotide degenerate promoter primers based on conserved core promoter sequences and tested their applicability in PCR amplifications in combination with 10-mer random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. The amplified markers are called promoter anchored amplified polymorphism based on RAPD (PAAP-RAPD). Forty cotton genotypes with diverse genetic and geographical backgrounds were used to test the PAAP-RAPD system using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on PAAP-RAPD markers amplified from 12 primer combinations, the 40 genotypes were classified into five distinctive groups: two Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) groups from China, another two Upland cotton groups from the USA, and one group from American Pima cotton (G. barbadense). The groupings are in general consistent with their genetic and geographical origins. Thirty-six PAAP-RAPD and RAPD fragments were cloned and four of them were further subjected to sequence analysis. Signal scanning using software PLACE confirmed that they contained an array of cis-regulatory sequences in addition to the core promoter sequences. The results demonstrate the potential application of PAAP-RAPD as a new marker system specifically targeting regulatory regions of the plant genome.     

槽式堆肥中搅拌螺旋输送能力的研究

针对深槽式堆肥系统的搅拌螺旋物料输送能力展开研究.在特定的工作倾角下,调整搅拌螺旋的旋转速度和横向移动速度,计量物料的输送状态.实验表明:在不同的横向运动方向上,搅拌螺旋的输送能力不同;较高的转速和较低的横向移动速度有利于物料输送.     

痣鳞鳃金龟的生物学特性与防治

痣鳞鳃金龟二年发生一代 ,此虫在砂质土壤的林地密度大 ,为害严重。造林时在每株根际施 5g 3 %呋喃丹颗粒剂 ,可有效地控制此虫的危害并兼治其它地下害虫和造林初期的食叶害虫。     

SINPV PK基因的部分序列分析

重组质粒ｐＰ１８ＰＨ３上含有ＳＩＮＰＶ的部分蛋白激酶基因。ＳＩＮＰＶ部分的蛋白激酶氨基酸序列与ＨａＮ－ＰＶ、ＨｚＮＰＶ、ＳｐｌｉＮＰＶ、ＡｆＮＰＶ、ＡｃＮＰＶ、ＬｄＮＰＶ蛋白激酶的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为４５％、８９％、３７％、４４％、３８％和３７％，其上含有蛋白激酶特征序列ＩＶＨＡＮＤＶＫＬＥＮＶＬ。     

YTG型双向体积管在计量检定中的应用

体积管是检定流量计的标准器。ＹＴＧ型双向体积管，其外型尺寸、主体结构、检定速度、日常管理等方面，均比单向体积管有明显的优点，并具有独特的容积补偿性，给体积管的管理、使用带来极大方便。介绍了ＹＴＧ型双向体积管的结构、技术指标及其优越性，并建议在条件允许的情况下，尽可能使用双向体积管。     

Myocardial and pancreatic lesions induced by T-2 toxin, a trichothecene mycotoxin, in swine

Myocardial and pancreatic lesions induced by sublethal doses of T-2 toxin in swine were characterized by light and electron microscopy. Toxin was given intravenously to six 17- to 18-week-old pigs. Pigs were killed 24 or 48 hours after treatment. Grossly, subendocardial hemorrhages, multifocal pinpoint white foci in myocardium, and pancreatic edema occurred in one treated pig. Histologic changes in myocardium of treated pigs consisted of multifocal edema, mononuclear cell infiltration, myofiber hyalinization, vacuolation, and contraction bands with nuclear pyknosis. Ultrastructurally, there were areas of edema, myofibrillar disorganization, dilation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, and formation of hypercontraction bands. Myocardial mineralization was seen in the pig with gross lesions. Pancreatic changes in treated pigs consisted of multifocal acinar degeneration and necrosis. Ultrastructural changes included irregular dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum and abnormal zymogen granules. Thus, in addition to radiomimetic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and lymphoid organs, heart and pancreas are target organs of T-2 toxin in swine.