Association of conditionability with degree of reactivity in psychiatric patients

A positive relationship exists between the number of times a subject responds with a psychogalvanic response to an orienting or alerting stimulus (tone) and the rate of learning in classical conditioning. This is seen by a correlation (p=.65 and .643 when corrected for ties) between the number of orienting responses and the resistance to extinction of the conditioned psychogalvanic response.     

The toxicity of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa to rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

Abstract. Microcystis aeruginosa is a common cyanobacterium of nutrient-rich fresh waters. It has been implicated in a large number of poisoning incidents involving wild and domesticated terrestrial animals. The study showed that a pure strain of M. aeruginosa toxic to mice was non-toxic to rainbow trout immersed in a culture for 10 days. In contrast, when presented by intraperitoneal injections Microcystis caused an acute toxic response with 100% mortality of fish within 36 h. The histopathology of the response is described and contrasted with that to another cyanobacterium, Anabaena cylindrica , which was shown to be non-toxic by immersion or injection.     

HEPATIC AND PANCREATICOBILIARY MRI AND MR CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY WITH AND WITHOUT SECRETIN STIMULATION IN NORMAL CATS

Magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiopancreatography is useful in humans to diagnose biliary and pancreatic diseases. Some of these protocols incorporate the use of secretin, which stimulates the exocrine pancreas to release bicarbonate with secondary dilation of the pancreatic duct. We compared the utility and quality of multiple hepatic‐pancreaticobiliary MR imaging sequences before and after secretin stimulation of the pancreatic duct in five healthy cats. Multiple MR sequences were evaluated, including fast Spoiled Gradient Recalled in‐ and out‐of‐phase, Single Shot Fast Spin Echo (SSFSE), T2 Fast Spin Echo, MR cholangiopancreatography (pre‐ and postsecretin administration), and Fast Acquisition with Multiphase Efgre (FAME) (postsecretin and before and after gadolinium administration). The MR cholangiopancreatography protocol with secretin stimulation was feasible and yielded high‐contrast maps of the biliary ductal anatomy but the pancreactic duct was seen inconsistently. The FAME series most consistently provided visualization of biliary and postsecretin pancreatic ductal anatomy, combined with very good depiction of the liver and pancreas. The remaining sequences each had satisfactory utility and diagnostic quality, with the exception of the SSFSE sequences. Secretin improved the conspicuity of the pancreatic duct.     

The assessment of persistence and its application to the evaluation of early perennial ryegrass cultivars

Botanical analyses were carried out on the herbage from plots of twelve early cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cut in their fourth year and the results related to visual persistence assessments carried out on the cultivars at the end of the second and third harvest years. Persistence assessments were found to be highly and positively correlated with the yields of sown cultivars (r=+0.96***,r=+0.99***) and to be highly and negatively correlated with the yields of unsown herbage species (r =+0.98***, r =?094***). The plots of the less persistent cultivars were invaded by unsown grass species and docks which contributed in varying degrees to total DM yield, reducing the correlation of total yield with persistence. Assessments of botanical composition of swards made at the end of the second year provided reliable predictions of the relative persistence of the cultivars. The results of the investigations indicated that assessment of persistence, as well as yield potential, is fundamentally important in cultivar evaluation.     

Kergord Plantations, Shetland

The only plantations in Shetland, other than in high-walledgardens, are at Kergord. They consist of 7 woods in the formof shelter belts and extend to about 9 acres; they were formedbetween 1913 and 1920 by Dr. George Munro. The 5 narrow belts,and the margins of the two broader blocks, were planted as row-by-rowmixtures using a number of different species. The plantationsare described in detail and conclusions are drawn from theirsuccess in the rigorous conditions in which they exist.