Spray aiming in bombardier beetles: jet deflection by the coanda effect

Bombardier beetles of the carabid subfamily Paussinae have a pair of flanges, diagnostic for the group, that project outward from the sides of the body. Behind each flange is a gland opening, from which the beetles discharge a hot, quinone-containing secretion when disturbed. The flanges are curved and grooved and serve as launching guides for anteriorly aimed ejections of secretion. Jets of fluid, on emergence from the gland openings, follow the curvature of the flanges and are thereby bent sharply in their trajectory and directed forward. The phenomenon is illustrative of the Coanda effect, widely applicable in engineering and responsible for the familiar tendency of liquids to curve around spouts and down the front of containers when being poured.     

Some currently available insecticides and their comparative efficacy on louse-infested, long-woolled sheep

The comparative efficacy of 13 of the sheep dips currently registered in New Zealand was investigated using sheep infested with the louse Bovicola ovis and carrying wool which was about 10 cm long at the shoulder. With the exception of one synthetic pyrethroid pour-on formulation, all products were able to effect a significant reduction in louse populations, relative to untreated controls, for 37 days after treatment. Only four products proved capable of eradicating lice and preventing their re-establishment up to 37 days after treatment. Variations in manufacturers' recommendations relating to the length of wool at dipping, and mode of application of dips are discussed in relation to the results.     

An evaluation of two cypermethrin-based pour-on formulations on sheep infested with the biting louse, Bovicola ovis

Two synthetic pyrethroid (cypermethrin) based pour-on insecticide formulations, with high cis/trans isomer ratios (80:20) but differing in their respective active ingredient concentrations and solvent component(s), were applied to sheep infested with the biting-louse, Bovicola ovis. All treated sheep were penned with louse-infested sheep 9,12 and 15 weeks after the insecticide was applied. The 2% cypermethrin formulation achieved a higher level of control than the 1.25% cypermethrin formulation at each challenge interval when applied 12 weeks after shearing. The 2% cypermethrin formulation provided 97-100% control of lice from 4 to 16 weeks after application on sheep shorn 6 or 12 weeks prior to treatment. The 1.25% cypermethrin formulation provided 85% control of lice 4 weeks after application on sheep shorn 12 weeks prior to treatment, the level of control increasing to a maximum of 100% by week 9, and declining thereafter. The 2% cypermethrin formulation may provide a better level of control in long-woolled sheep than 1.25% cypermethrin, by compensating for the diluent effect of lipid.     

香花靓草有助人们提高工作效率

德州A&M大学研究组发现花和植物对办公室的生产力有直接关系,在几个不同环境的办公室进行了八个月的研究,结果发现员工在有花和植物,或有雕刻物品的办公室内较没有任何摆设物品的办公室,更容易有创新的思维、突出的生意策略及破解难题的能量,有更多创新的构想,更多的新计划。其中,男性参加者的新主意增加了百分之十五,而女性参加者能够想出更多解决疑难的新意。     

新鲜蔬菜硝酸盐含量测定的改进试粉法

 为适应新鲜蔬菜硝酸盐快速检测的需要, 在现有试粉法的基础上对硝酸盐测定的试粉法进行了改良研究。结果表明, 本研究建立的直接以去离子水浸提蔬菜匀浆, 混合试粉配方为柠檬酸∶一水硫酸锰∶无水对氨基苯磺酸∶N - 1 - 萘乙二胺盐酸盐∶细锌粉= 30∶4∶1.6∶0.8∶1, 其加入量为0.1 g的改进试粉法, 对于溶液中硝酸盐含量在0～20 mg/L范围时, 显色吸光值与硝酸盐含量呈现良好的线性关系, 相关系数达0.9999, 方法回收率在97.7%～104.5%之间, 相对标准偏差2.71%。用本改进试粉法测定11种蔬菜的硝酸盐含量与国标法测定结果的t检验具有一致性。     

蛋鸡水样腹泻的防治

我县某些小型养鸡场,发生了蛋鸡在产蛋初期、产蛋高峰期出现水样腹泻的病症,并伴有鸡群饮水量增大、产蛋率上升缓慢或产蛋高峰上不去等情况。水样粪便造成鸡舍清粪困难,小环境难以控制。这种病症有的被误诊为鸡大肠杆菌病,继而投放大量的抗生素;有的被诊断为鸡肠道有益菌群失衡而投放微生态制剂;有的怀疑是当地水质问题;有的怀疑是饲料中食盐含量过高或饲料霉变等原因。采取了一些措施后无控制效果,许多养殖户对此束手无策。1临床特点发病日龄一般在120～150日龄之间,即蛋鸡开产初期。病程短的15天左右,有的可长达60天。主要临床症状为:鸡只…     

五种不同出菇方式对白灵菇产量和品质的影响试验初报

采用五种不同形式的出菇方式对白灵菇进行试验研究,结果表明不同处理方式对白灵菇的出菇早晚有较大影响,白灵菇的菇形、色泽、大小等外观表现不同处理间差异明显,不同处理间产量差别相差1倍以上.     

长距离输送对台湾空气污染物的影响(英文)

IntroductionInthewinterandspring,TaiwanandvicinityisoftenundertheinfluenceofnortheasterlywindsofAsianwintermonsoonoriginatedincentralAsia.ThewintermonsoonnotonlybringsovercoldairbutalsocantransportairpollutantsanddustoveralongrangetoTaiwan.Nitrogenoxidese…