西藏地区地面温度的时空分布及其异常类型研究

利用1980-2004年地面温度月平均资料,分析了近25年西藏地区地面温度空间分布的基本气候特征。同时,依据EOF(REOF)经验正交函数展开,讨论了全年及各季节地温异常空间特征和时间演变,并对地温异常类型进行了区域划分。     

Solidworks在机床夹具设计中的应用

有别与传统的CAD二维绘图,利用Solidworks绘制三维机床夹具可以非常直观、形象的显示设计结构与结果.本文介绍如何利用Solidworks软件绘制机床夹具三维图形.     

Occurrence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson reared in sea-water

Abstract. Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) is reported for the first time in sea-water cultured rainbow trout. Heavy mortalities with typical signs and lesions A VHS virus (serotype 1) was isolated from the diseased fish. The mortalities were caused only by the VHS virus and 80 days post transfer of trout to sea-water the mortalities reached 85%, of the initial population.
The disease was experimentally transmitted to rainbow trout, both in sea-water 3·10⁴ pfu/ml of virus or by intramuscular injection of various doses of VHS₁ (7·10¹ 7·10⁴ or 7·10⁴ pfu per fish). Death occurred in all infected groups and started earlier in sea-water. Typical signs of VHS were observed in moribund fish. Viral multiplication was demonstrated to have occurred in fish organs.     

嗜热链球菌产酸特性及其发酵乳中有机酸组分分析

选取实验室分离自自然发酵乳制品中的5株嗜热链球菌菌株为研究对象,进行单菌株发酵酸乳,在发酵期间和酸乳4℃贮藏504 h阶段,分别测定菌株发酵时间、滴定酸度、pH值、活菌数以及采用反相高效液相色谱法测定有机酸含量变化,研究嗜热链球菌发酵产酸特性及其酸乳贮藏期间后酸化及其有机酸组分的变化特性。结果表明：在42℃发酵期间,5株菌在发酵2h后pH值迅速下降,达到发酵终点时间在5～9h,发酵时间最短的是菌株IMAU10632和IMAU20772。在4℃贮藏504h期间,5株菌的pH值下降幅度在0.5左右,最终pH值稳定在4.2左右,产酸速度均较缓慢,均表现出嗜热链球菌后酸化能力弱的特点,且酸度值均在90oT以下。初步筛选出一株菌株IMAU10632,凝乳时间短、产酸速率快、后酸化能力较弱,在4℃贮藏期间活菌数维持在108CFU/mL以上。     

多年生人工草地矮生嵩草(Kobresia humilis)种群空间格局与种内关联性

植物种群空间分布格局不仅反映植物的空间分布特点,还有助于研究者了解植物利用资源的现状和生存能力。本研究以矮生嵩草(Kobresia humilis)为研究对象,按株丛斑块面积将矮生嵩草分为小斑块级株丛(0～30 cm²)、中斑块级株丛(30～80 cm²)和大斑块级株丛(>80 cm²)3个株丛级,采用点格局分析的g函数统计方法,分析了矮生嵩草各级株丛的空间格局及关联性。结果表明：矮生嵩草种群中小斑块级株丛占比高于中斑块、大斑块级株丛占比,种群中幼苗充足,正处于稳定的增长阶段;矮生嵩草小斑块、中斑块、大斑块级株丛在小尺度范围内表现为聚集分布,随着尺度的增大,所有株丛斑块的聚集程度减弱,逐渐趋向于随机分布;小斑块与中斑块、大斑块的矮生嵩草株丛在小尺度内表现为正关联。斑块聚集分布和相互共存是矮生嵩草的一种生存策略。     

Intra-abdominal versus intramuscular application of two ampicillin preparations in cows

Plasma ampicillin concentrations were determined in a cross-over trial involving five cows after single intramuscular or intra-abdominal administration of sodium ampicillin (10 mg/kg) and ampicillin anhydrate (40 mg/kg). After injection of sodium-ampicillin, high plasma concentrations were reached within 10 min; Cmax following intramuscular injection was 9.1 micrograms/ml and after intra-abdominal injection 7.5 micrograms/ml. Urine concentrations of ampicillin were low after 24 h (1-1.5 micrograms/ml). No significant changes in blood leucocyte numbers, plasma zinc, iron or fibrinogen levels occurred. After injection of ampicillin anhydrate 1 h elapsed before maximum plasma levels were obtained; Cmax was 5.4 micrograms/ml after intramuscular and 6.7 micrograms/ml after intra-abdominal administration. Urine concentrations were very high (238-303 micrograms/ml) after 24 h and stayed above 1 microgram/ml for 6 days. After administration of ampicillin anhydrate a significant increase in blood neutrophils (P less than 0.01) and a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen was measured after intramuscular and intra-abdominal injection (P less than 0.05). A significant decrease in plasma zinc concentration after intra-abdominal injection occurred (P less than 0.05). In abdominal surgery in cows in which contamination cannot be prevented, and practical objections inhibit preoperative administration, intramuscular or intra-abdominal administration during surgery of sodium ampicillin seems justified. Ampicillin anhydrate should not be used intra-abdominally.     

Action de l'atrazine, du chlortoluron et du MCPA sur les teneurs en pyruvate, oxalacétate, cétoglutarate, glutamate et glutamine dans les feuilles et les racines de concombre (Cucumis sativus)

Action of atrazine, chlortoluron and MCPA on the pyrovate, oxalacetate, cetoglutarate, glutamate and glutamine content in the leaves and roots of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Lethal rates of atrazine, chlortoluron and MCPA were administered to 17-day old cucumber seedlings growing in a nutrient solution. The ketonic acid, glutamate and glutamine composition of the leaves and roots was determined after intervals of 1–4 days. Two days after application of photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides, the ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate, glutamate and glutamine content of the leaves was 11–20%; 30–54%; 43–50%; 101–112% and 49–65% respectively, compared with the controls. After 4 days it was 16–22%; 31–56%; 26–42%; 71–75% and 180–205%. In the roots, the glutamate decreased in the same proportion as the ketoglutarate while the glutamine increased the first 2 days and decreased on the fourth day. The MCPA treatment did not modify the cetoglutarate concentration in the leaves but increased it from 300 to 800% in the roots. Simultaneous analysis of ketoglutarate and glutamate can be used to identify the nature of a herbicide treatment.     

Investigation of the effects of histamine inhalation on the tracheobronchial tree of calves by the forced oscillation technique

Gustin, P., Dhem, A.R., Lekeux, P., Lomba, F., Lándsér, F.J. & Van de Woestijne, K.P. Investigation of the effects of histamine inhalation on the tracheobronchial tree of calves by the forced oscillation technique. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 11 , 374–380.
Effects of histamine inhalation were investigated with two different techniques in nine conscious, healthy calves. The oesophageal balloon technique was used to measure the dynamic respiratory compliance (C_dyn) and the pulmonary resistance (RL). The reactance (X_rs) and the resistance (R_rs) of the respiratory system were measured at high frequencies by the forced oscillation technique. These parameters were recorded before and after histamine inhalation. Three histamine dihydrochloride solution concentrations were used (16 mg/ml; 32 mg/ml; 64 mg/ml). Histamine inhalation induced a decrease in Cd_yn and X_rs an increase in R_rs, RL and of the resonant frequency and a negative frequency dependence of R_rs. Some of these changes were satisfactorily correlated with the histamine solution concentrations. The resonant frequency was well correlated with C_dvn. It was concluded that histamine inhalation induces a decrease of the calibre of small and large airways and a non-homogeneous behaviour of the pulmonary ventilation in awake calves. The forced oscillation technique can be used to perform an inhalation provocation test in unsedated animals.