20世纪60年代以来黄土高原小流域泥沙来源的方法与历史侵蚀过程研究进展

小流域作为黄土高原水土流失综合治理的基本单元,赋存了大量的泥沙侵蚀特征和侵蚀环境变化信息。它在减少黄土高原土壤侵蚀方面发挥着十分重要作用。概述了20世纪60年代以来黄土高原小流域泥沙来源和历史侵蚀过程方面的研究进展,小流域泥沙来源主要从传统方法、元素示踪法及REE稀土元素示踪法方面进行了分析,展望了未来小流域泥沙来源及泥沙侵蚀研究的发展,为小流域开展水土保持工作、对水土资源进行科学的评价和开展更深入的研究提供了重要参考。     

Approaches to pathogen-mediated resistance breeding against plum pox potyvirus in stone-fruit trees1

In a programme for developing systems which allow the transfer of foreign genes into apricot cultivars, we have tested cotyledons of immature embryos, somatic embryos and leaf discs. Apricot plants have been transformed, and then regenerated, with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 containing various binary plasmids: pBinGUSint, carrying the marker gene β-glucuronidase (GUS), and pBinPPVm, carrying the coat-protein gene of plum pox potyvirus (PPV). The marker gene GUS was used for visual evaluation of the efficiency of the transformation system. The coat-protein gene was used in the hope of introducing coat protein-mediated resistance to one of the most important stone-fruit pathogens in Europe and the Mediterranean area.     

植物生长素在大果沙棘嫩枝扦插中的应用研究

在温室内对5个大果沙棘品种嫩枝用4种植物生长激素处理进行扦插育苗试验,结果表明,吲哚丁酸和生根粉处理效果显著,浑金和向阳两品种更容易扦插成活。     

水分胁迫对水稻品种生理特性的影响

本实验以优质杂交粳稻滇型杂交水稻滇杂31为材料,采用盆栽实验,在水稻孕穗期设5个水分胁迫处理,进行了不同程度的水分胁迫,在水分胁迫结束后,对叶片光合特性、叶片与根系的丙二醛(MDA)浓度、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化进行测定,研究水分胁迫对滇杂31孕穗期生理特性的影响。研究结果表明,孕穗期随着水分胁迫的加剧,滇杂31农艺性状、光合特性显著下降;叶片和根系的MDA浓度、POD活性、SOD活性都有所上升。     

黍族植物的叶片扩张和蒸腾作用对土壤水分亏缺的响应特征

Plant processes, such as leaf expansion, stomatal conductance and transpiration, are affected by soil water, particularly in water-stressed environments. Quantifying the effects of soil water on plant processes, especially leaf expansion and transpiration, could be useful for crop modeling. In order to quantify the leaf expansion and transpiration in response to soil water deficit in three millet species, common (Panicum miliaceum L.), pearl (Pennisetum glaucum L.) and foxtail (Setaria italica L.) millets, a pot experiment was performed at the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. The soil water status was characterized by the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW). Leaf area and transpiration were measured daily. Relative leaf area expansion (RL) and relative transpiration (RT) data were plotted against FTSW. Finally the FTSW thresholds for RL and RT were calculated using linear-plateau and logistic models. The results showed that the thresholds for RL and RT were 0.68 and 0.62, respectively, based on all measured data of the three millet species using the linear-plateau model, indicating that RL and RT were constant when FTSW decreased from 1 to the threshold point. Thereafter, until FTSW = 0, RL and RT declined linearly with a slope of 1.48 and 1.43, respectively. Although millet is cultivated as a resistant crop in arid, semiarid and marginal lands, it showed an early response to soil water deficit at high FTSW thresholds. As leaf expansion and transpiration can be considered morphological and physiological variables, respectively, the results in this study indicate that millet has strong morphological flexibility when faced with soil water deficit.     

提高综合性农业科技期刊自身发展能力的探讨

简述了综合性农业期刊在竞争中发展自己的经验增强编辑的创新意识和能力,栏目策划是先导,选题策划是关键,最大限度的缩短出版时滞。紧跟学科领域的重大、重点科研项目,进行超前和后续追踪报道,瞄准生产上的热点问题进行及时报道。     

拮抗油菜菌核病菌的链霉菌分离筛选与鉴定

从甘肃省河西走廊改良后的盐碱地分离链霉菌用于油菜菌核病菌的拮抗研究,并对拮抗菌进行鉴定。分离得到10株不同菌落形态的链霉菌,其中有2菌株对油菜菌核病有拮抗作用,编号Ⅲ22-3-3和Ⅲ22-3-12。与油菜菌核病进行对峙培养结果发现,Ⅲ22-3-3和Ⅲ22-3-12抑菌圈直径分别为1.2和0.9cm;离体叶菌丝接种试验表明,Ⅲ22-3-3和Ⅲ22-3-12对油菜菌核病菌的防治效果分别达63.5%和49.1%;Ⅲ22-3-12能在油菜菌核上定殖并寄生分解菌核,同对照相比菌核萌发率下降18.2%;通过形态培养特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA鉴定表明,Ⅲ22-3-3为产水链霉菌(Streptomyces hydrogenans),Ⅲ22-3-12为球孢链霉菌(Streptomyces globisporus)。 [     

西藏核桃休眠及萌芽特性研究

利用浓硫酸浸泡处理西藏核桃种子,通过种子吸水率、不同层积方法和内源抑制物对小白菜萌发影响试验等方面来研究西藏核桃的休眠及萌芽特性.结果表明:用浓硫酸处理种吸水率大于对照,种壳并不是引起休眠的主要原因,外壳、内种皮、种仁可能均含有抑制种子发芽物质.用浓硫酸浸泡90 min,变温层积萌动时间早,且萌动率高;低温层积160 d,再在22℃恒温条件下发芽率高,为68%.     

乡镇企业概念动态化探究

在过去的近三十年中,乡镇企业在转移富余劳动力,发展县域经济等方面作出了卓越的贡献.但是,随其内外环境的变化,乡镇企业的发展遭到质疑,有学者认为乡镇企业的名称应改为中小企业或者是民营企业.本文通过对乡镇企业历史变迁、概念内涵变化的探究,提出乡镇企业概念内涵的界定应:扬弃约束,体现其在"三农"中的作用.     

浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林生物量研究(Ⅰ)群落结构及主要组成树种生物量特征

以浙江天童常绿阔叶林为研究对象,在选取的永久样方中应用每木调查法调查了群落的种类组成,并对群落结构进行了分析.通过收获法直接测定了群落草本层和灌木层的生物量,并采用标准木法间接测定了乔木层生物量,同时分析了该群落及其主要组成树种的生物量特征.结果表明:木荷Schima superba,米槠Castanopsis carlesii为群落优势种,它们与石栎Lithocarpus glaber,栲树Castanopsis fargesii,细叶青冈Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia共同构成了该群落的主要树种.群落生物量主要是由群落内主要组成树种的生物量构成的,主要集中在乔木层,其生物量主要分配在米槠和木荷上,各层生物量绝大多数由主要组成树种的生物量构成,乔木层和灌木层主要树种的生物量器官分配为干＞枝＞叶.图2表3参17