青贮疯草及其颗粒饲料对绵羊的增重效果及安全性评价

疯草为豆科多年生草本植物,具有营养价值高的特点,是一种可利用的潜在牧草资源。为了开发疯草作为牧草资源利用的可能性,探讨了含10%疯草青贮饲料和10%疯草颗粒饲料对绵羊的增重效果及安全性。试验选择90只临床健康绵羊,随机分为3组,每组30只。对照组饲喂常规饲料,青贮组饲喂含10%青贮疯草饲料,颗粒组饲喂含10%疯草颗粒饲料;试验期间每天观察受试绵羊的临床表现,定期进行空腹称重,并采集血液做生化指标检测。结果表明,试验期间,各试验组绵羊均未出现明显的疯草中毒症状;青贮疯草组绵羊体重与对照组比较增加24.66%,平均日增重高出对照组78.26%;10%疯草颗粒组与对照组比较无显著差异。青贮疯草组血清ALB、ALP水平降低,AST水平升高。10%疯草颗粒组AST、ALP、CRE、BUN水平升高。10%青贮疯草及其颗粒饲料对绵羊有一定的增重效果,且比较安全,可作为饲料资源开发利用。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒细胞受体研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)是引起猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)的病原,对PRRSV细胞受体的研究将有助于揭示PRRSV的感染途径、复制过程、致病机理和疫病预防及控制等一系列问题,细胞受体的研究已经成为目前PRRSV研究中的重要领域。论文从硫酸乙酰肝素受体、唾液酸黏附素受体、CD163分子、波形蛋白等方面综述了PRRSV细胞受体研究进展。     

武冈铜鹅与其他3种鹅肉品质特性的比较

本试验旨在测定武冈铜鹅、四川白鹅、武川鹅以及天府肉鹅的常规肉品质和矿物质元素、氨基酸、风味脂肪酸、肌苷酸含量及肌纤维直径与密度,并进行比较。选取1日龄体格健壮的武冈铜鹅、四川白鹅、武川鹅和天府肉鹅各30只,分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复6只鹅,公母各占1/2,饲喂相同饲粮。试验期为70 d。结果表明:1)武冈铜鹅胸肌粗蛋白质含量显著高于其他3种鹅(P<0.05),胸肌粗脂肪含量显著高于四川白鹅(P<0.05);而腿肌粗脂肪含量与其他3种鹅差异不显著(P>0.05),腿肌贮存损失率显著低于其他3种鹅(P<0.05)。2)武冈铜鹅肌肉铁、镁、钾含量均显著高于四川白鹅和天府肉鹅(P<0.05)。3)武冈铜鹅肌肉中天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸的含量极显著高于武川鹅和四川白鹅(P<0.01),甘氨酸和脯氨酸含量极显著高于其他3种鹅(P<0.01),而胱氨酸和苯丙氨酸与其他3种鹅差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)武冈铜鹅肌肉中肉豆蔻酸含量极显著高于其他3种鹅(P<0.01);十六烯酸含量极显著高于武川鹅(P<0.01);亚麻酸含量显著高于武川鹅(P<0.05);二十烯酸含量极显著高于天府肉鹅(P<0.01)。5)武冈铜鹅胸肌肌纤维密度显著高于四川白鹅和武川鹅(P<0.05),而各组肌纤维直径没有显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,武冈铜鹅肌肉品质以及风味优于武川鹅、四川白鹅以及天府肉鹅。     

Inter-observer agreement between two observers for bovine digital dermatitis identification in New Zealand using digital photographs

Aims: To assess the inter-observer agreement for detecting bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) lesions in digital colour photographs of the hind feet of cows, which had been taken while the animals were standing to be milked, between two trained observers.

Methods: Thirty-six photographs were selected from a total of 184 photographs held by the first author (R1), who had classified them as negative (n=11) or positive (n=25) for BDD. They were delivered to a technician (R2) who had previously visually inspected cattle for BDD lesions, and who then recorded the photographs as being either BDD-positive or BDD-negative. The percentage agreement between R1 and R2, and two other inter-observer agreement statistics, Cohen’s κ and Gwet’s first-order chance correction agreement coefficient (AC1), were calculated. The cumulative membership probabilities of Cohen’s κ and Gwet’s AC1 were then calculated for different benchmark ranges of κ.

Results: The percentage agreement between R1 and R2 was 33/36 (92%), Cohen’s κ was 0.80 (95% CI=0.57–1.0) and Gwet’s AC1 was 0.86 (95% CI=0.69–1.0). Based on the cumulative membership probabilities for Gwet’s AC1, there was 75% probability that the two observers had almost perfect agreement (κ≥0.81). For both Cohen’s κ and Gwet’s AC1, there was >95% probability that the two observers had at least substantial agreement (κ≥0.61).

Conclusions: The two trained observers had at least substantial agreement in identifying from a digital photograph as to whether BDD lesions were present or absent. Therefore results from the two could be used interchangeably.

Clinical Relevance: Visual assessment for BDD lesions in the milking parlour can be subjective. However a high agreement between these two trained BDD inspectors means BDD prevalence reported from different regions in New Zealand by these two can be directly compared.     

Comparative performance of juvenile rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, fed to satiation with simulated 'standard' and 'high energy' diet formulations

Abstract. Four experimental diets were formulated to resemble practical rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, grower feeds based on medium and moderate lipid inclusions of 10 and 14% (standard energy levels) to relatively 'high energy' diets containing 18 and 22% lipid respectively. Each of these diets was isonitrogenous with a defined protein content of 42%. During a 10-week growth trial period, juvenile rainbow trout of initial mean weight of 10g were fed each ration to satiation. At the end of the study, there was a significant gain (P> 0.05) in the mean live weights of fish receiving the higher energy diets associated with improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) and net protein utilization (NPU). Although there was a declining trend in voluntary food intake relative to body weight with increasing dietary lipid content, this was insufficient to prevent greater deposition of body fat.
The results are discussed in relation to practical trout feeds in order to achieve a desired growth performance and acceptable body composition with intensive feeding regimes.     

Effects of an extreme flash flood on the native fish assemblages across a Mediterranean catchment

Abstract  The effects of an extreme flash flood on the native fish assemblages across a Mediterranean catchment in Southwest Portugal were investigated. The fish community structure and habitat were surveyed at 10 sites pre- and post-flood. Overall species richness and rank abundances changed little after the flood, despite there being a consistent decline in the abundance of small cyprinids. Pre- and post-flood habitat correlates of abundance changed for at least some species, and variability in assemblage structure was associated with flood, depth and pH. These results indicate that extreme floods occurring early in the wet season may have little disruptive effects on the overall structure of native fish assemblages in Mediterranean streams, although may at least partially influence population dynamics for some species. Habitat quality and complexity are likely to play a role in mediating species responses to flooding.     

旱泉沟流域次生林演替过程中种群格局动态

对旱泉沟流域的植被种类组成、物种多样性和物种重要值进行调查分析,采用TWINSPAN对旱泉沟流域次生植物群落进行数量分类,从植物群系组成、植物群落之间的生态关系方面,研究旱泉沟流域封山禁牧区植被群落的分布格局,初步探讨乔木树种的演替趋势。研究结果表明：1）采用TWINSPAN数量分类方法,将植被划分为7个群落类型;2）从群落Ⅰ到群落Ⅶ, 乔木、灌木、草本的Simpson优势度指数基本持平,Shannon Wiener多样性指数为乔木<灌木<草本,Pielou均匀度指数为乔木>草本>灌木,物种丰富度逐渐升高。群落的物种组成和空间结构逐渐复杂化,并趋于稳定;3）次生林的演替序列为山杨树Populus davidiana→桦树Betula platyphylla→青海云杉Pica crassifolia,其自然演替顶级为青海云杉。     

牛GDF-9基因的克隆与组织表达的分析

为了检测牛GDF-9基因mRNA在怀孕期牛生殖系统的表达情况,为GDF-9基因在雌性动物繁殖上的研究提供一定的理论依据。本试验根据GenBank中报道的牛GDF-9基因序列设计引物,从牛卵巢、输卵管、子宫、肾脏中提取RNA,采用RT-PCR技术进行cDNA扩增,扩增产物与载体pGM-T连接,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,筛选阳性克隆,测序。结果表明,已成功克隆的阳性重组子经测序鉴定其片段大小与预期大小完全一致,为264 bp。序列同源性分析比较表明,该cDNA及其推导的氨基酸序列与绵羊GDF-9cDNA和氨基酸序列同源性分别为97%和94%。以-βactin为内参照物,采用RT-PCR技术进行半定量分析,通过检测比较牛GDF-9基因在卵巢、输卵管、子宫、肾脏组织中mRNA的表达情况。结果表明,牛GDF-9基因在卵巢中表达量最高,在输卵管、子宫、肾脏中均有表达,但表达量不高。     

西藏原始林芝云杉林空间结构参数分布特征

以藏东南波密岗乡自然保护区原始林芝云杉林为研究对象,应用空间结构参数角尺度、混交度和大小比数,建立空间结构参数的三元分布,揭示林分的空间结构特征。结果表明,从一元分布看,林木整体属于随机分布,林分强度混交,树种的优劣程度参差不齐,整体处于中庸状态;在混交度和角尺度分布中,以随机分布和强度混交林木株数最多,大小比-角尺度组合中,均以随机分布轴线和中庸轴线两侧基本对称;三元结构参数组合为强度混交、随机分布、亚优势状态林木分布较多。主要树种的混交程度较高,呈现强度和极强度混交状态;其中林芝云杉和华山松为该群落的优势树种随机分布,其他主要树种都为轻度聚集分布;树种间大小比数差异明显,其中林芝云杉最低,<0.252,处于亚优势状态。全面分析原始林芝云杉林的空间结构,为林芝云杉林结构优化调整提供重要参考,为藏东南天然林可持续发展提供科学依据。