‘辣椒杏’开花生物学特性研究

[目的]了解‘辣椒杏’开花生物学规律及特点,为‘辣椒杏’的开发利用奠定基础.[方法]观察‘辣椒杏’的开花物候期、花器官特征,测定花粉活力和柱头可授性,分析与其他品种的差异,分析其特异性.[结果]‘辣椒杏’初花期为4月初,花期持续8d;花5瓣,花瓣卵圆形淡粉色,花粉黄色,雌蕊1枚,雄蕊31枚左右,子房上位花;雌蕊败育花比率为为23;,雌蕊退化花比率为7;;花粉萌发率为45.49;;柱头从花d至花后5d均有可授性,花后1d可授性达到最强.[结论]‘辣椒杏’与对照杏品种花期一致;花器官存在一定比例的雌蕊败育和雌蕊退化,败育率较低;花粉活力属中等水平,花后1d柱头可授性达到最强,是‘辣椒杏’最佳授粉时期.     

极晚熟杏品种冬杏杂交种子成苗特性研究

[目的J研究不同杏品种杂交组合的种子萌发和幼苗生长差异,为品种选育提供依据.[方法]以冬杏为母本,19个不同成熟期的新疆杏品种为父本进行杂交,对获得的杂交种子进行育苗,测定种子发芽率、播种出苗率、成苗率及幼苗的生长动态,分析各杂交组合之间成苗特性差异.[结果]杂交种子层积60 d后有10个组合发芽率大于60;,发芽率最高的为冬杏×毛拉肖,而冬杏×晚熟胡安娜、冬杏×旦杏和冬杏×卡拉玉吕克没有发芽率.播种成苗率较高的是冬杏×特尔湾玉吕克和冬杏×毛拉肖.冬杏×库曼提、冬杏×大果胡安娜、冬杏自然种子的出苗时间较早,且出苗整齐.在15个成苗的杂交组合中,以冬杏×特尔湾玉吕克、冬杏×毛拉肖生长势较强,其余13个杂交杏苗生长势较弱.[结论]冬杏杂交组合种子的发芽率、出苗率、成苗率之间差异较大,同时,发芽率高的组合成苗率也高;不同杂交组合种子实生幼苗的生长存在差异.     

砂土、砂壤土强筋小麦保优增产技术研究

为了在豫东砂土和砂壤土生态类型区生产出品质达到国家标准的优质强筋小麦,在现行的生产、生态、技术条件下,采用田间小区试验方法,在等氮量的试验条件下,于拔节期和孕穗期2次追施氮肥,结果表明,砂土地强筋小麦比对照增产23.2%;砂土地强筋小麦在拔节期一次重追尿素225kg/hm2,籽粒粗蛋白质含量提高2.55个百分点,提高22.3%,湿面筋含量提高5.2个百分点,提高21.5%,面团稳定时间增加11.2min,弱化度由61降到12,如果把追氮时期再适当后移,其蛋白质、湿面筋含量和面团稳定时间又有所提高,弱化度又有所降低。由此说明,生育中后期追氮是提高砂土地强筋小麦产量和品质的关键措施。另外,应用新型增优剂对改善砂土、砂壤土地强筋小麦品质有一定作用,尤其对面团稳定时间的延长有较明显的作用。     

臭豆碱在大鼠组织中残留的研究

大鼠按6.82mg/kg单剂量口服臭豆碱;用反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定了攻毒后不同时间肝脏、肾脏、脑组织中臭豆碱的质量浓度,数据经DASver1.0药代动力学软件处理.结果表明,臭豆碱在肝脏、肾脏、脑组织符合一室模型,其动力学参数分别为:(1)肝脏组织:Tmax2.5 min,Cmax12095.84μg/l,T1/2 118.55 min,T1/2ka0.000 min,AUC 1807361.08μg/l·min,Vd/F15.256 l/kg,CL/F 0.009l/min/kg;(2)肾脏组织:Tmax60 min,Cmax13747.80μg/l,T1/2 113.34 min,T1/2ka 16.19 min,AUC 3033978μg/l·min,Vd/F 16.193l/kg,CL/F 0.005l/min/kg.(3)脑组织:Tmax20 min,Cmax 1260.09μg/l,T1/2 142.05 min,T1/2 ka 16.90 min,AUC 319068.95μg/l·min,Vd/F9.82 l/kg,CL/F0.048 l/min·kg-1.臭豆碱灌服后,具有吸收快、分布迅速、消除快、蓄积时间短的特点.     

Maintenance of mycoplasma-like organisms occurring in Pyrus species by micropropagation and their elimination by tetracycline therapy

Pear explants ( Pyrus communis cv. Pine) infected with mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs) were maintained for more than 3 years by micropropagation on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with gibberellic acid, indole butyric acid and benzyl amino purine. MLOs reached consistently higher concentrations in micropropagated explants than in samples from field-grown plants, although explants remained free from symptoms. MLOs could be eliminated by incorporation of 100/μg/ml oxytetracycline into the growth medium for a period of 4 weeks. These results have implications for plant propagation schemes of symptomless MLO-infected explants raised by micropropagation.     

小麦新品种花培5号的选育特点及应用前景

花培5号是河南省农业科学院农作物新品种重点实验室采用豫麦18与花4 3杂交,对其F₁代花药进行培养选育成功的小麦新品种,2006年通过国家审定。其选育特点是：亲本性状互补性好、遗传基础丰富;组合诱导率高,育种群体大;后代选择以群体表现为主,选择准确性高;进行异地产比试验,缩短了育种周期。花培5号经黄淮区试、生产试验和推广种植表现出丰产性、稳产性和广适性好,品质优良,适宜于黄淮南片麦区高中产水肥地中晚茬种植。     

Impacts of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide on model terrestrial ecosystems

In model terrestrial ecosystems maintained for three plant generations at elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide, increases in photosynthetically fixed carbon were allocated below ground, raising concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in soil. These effects were then transmitted up the decomposer food chain. Soil microbial biomass was unaffected, but the composition of soil fungal species changed, with increases in rates of cellulose decomposition. There were also changes in the abundance and species composition of Collembola, fungal-feeding arthropods. These results have implications for long-term feedback processes in soil ecosystems that are subject to rising global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.     

Magnetic microstructure of magnetotactic bacteria by electron holography

Off-axis electron holography in the transmission electron microscope was used to correlate the physical and magnetic microstructure of magnetite nanocrystals in magnetotactic bacteria. The magnetite crystals were all single magnetic domains, and the magnetization directions of small superparamagnetic crystals were constrained by magnetic interactions with larger crystals in the chains. Shape anisotropy was found to dominate magnetocrystalline anisotropy in elongated crystals. A coercive field between 300 and 450 oersted was determined for one chain.