Endometrial gene expression in primiparous dairy cows at the end of the voluntary waiting period is affected by nutrition: Total mixed ration vs increasing levels of herbage allowance

The study postulated that differential nutritional management during the early lactation period would be reflected in endometrial expression of genes related to embryo growth at the end of the voluntary waiting period. Thus, the effect of the combined use of total mixed ration (TMR) and grazing under different herbage allowances during the first 75 days post‐partum (DPP) on endometrial gene expression was evaluated in primiparous dairy cows. Cows were blocked by body weight, age and body condition score and randomly assigned to three grazing treatments: high (HA, 30 kg DM per cow per day), medium (MA, 15 kg DM per cow per day) and low (LA, 7.5 kg DM per cow per day) herbage allowance (mixed pasture, 2,600 kg DM per ha) plus 8 kg DM of supplement or TMR (55% forage, 45% concentrate) fed ad libitum (TMR) from calving to 75 DPP. At 57 DPP, cows were synchronized for oestrus (day 0, 68 DPP) and at day 7, endometrial biopsies were obtained. The nutritional treatment did not affect insulin, IGF‐1 and leptin concentrations on days 0, 4 or 7. Expression of IGF1, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 mRNA was significantly affected by the nutritional treatment. Endometrial IGF1 and IGFBP4 mRNA were twofold greater in TMR and HA than MA and LA cows. Expression of IGFBP3 and ADIPOR1 mRNAs was greater in TMR and HA than MA cows, but did not differ from LA cows. All groups had greater expression of ADIPOR2 mRNA than MA cows. This study provided solid evidence of the importance of nutritional management during early lactation on uterine environment at the end of the voluntary waiting period. The greater expression of genes related to embryo growth and uterine function (IGF system, progesterone and adiponectin receptors) in cows fed diets maximizing energy intake suggests a favourable environment for embryonic growth, which may explain the improved reproductive performance of cows in good energy balance.     

Serum testosterone,sperm quality,cytological, physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of the prostatic fraction of dogs with prostatomegaly

Prostatomegaly is a common finding in older non‐neutered dogs. This study compared the serum testosterone, sperm quality and characteristics of the prostatic fraction between healthy dogs and dogs with prostatomegaly. Blood samples of ten dogs (five dogs from each group) were taken for serum testosterone measurement. Sperm motility, vigour, concentration, viability, membrane functionality and morphology were analysed in sperm‐rich fraction. Osmolality, pH, cell types, and albumin, haemoglobin, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and chloride were analysed in prostatic fraction. Dogs with prostatomegaly have the lowest sperm motility, vigour, concentration and functional membrane. Dogs with prostatomegaly have the highest glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. Glucose was the only constituent positively correlated with serum testosterone and prostate volume. It can be concluded that dogs with prostatomegaly have poorer sperm quality, and glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol in prostatic fraction can be used as prostatomegaly biomarkers.     

母鼠妊娠期铅镉联合暴露对新生鼠体内微量元素含量的影响及NAC的保护效应

为了研究母鼠妊娠期铅镉联合暴露对新生鼠体内微量元素Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn和Se及N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-Ace-tylcysteine,NAC)的保护作用,35只怀孕SD母鼠被随机分为7组,即A组为对照组(饮用蒸馏水)、B组为铅组(300 mg/L)、C组为铅+NAC组(300 mg/L+20 mmol/L)、D组为镉组(10 mg/L)、E组为镉+NAC组(10 mg/L+20 mmol/L),F组为铅+镉组(300 mg/L+10 mg/L)、G组为铅+镉+NAC组(300 mg/L+10 mg/L+20 mmol/L).采用饮水染毒.染毒时间为21 d,分娩后应用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(Inductively coupled plasma mass spec-troscopy,ICP-MS)检测新生鼠体内微量元素Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn和Se含量.结果表明,与对照组比较,各染毒组新生鼠体内微量元素Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn和Se含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05).D组较B组降低明显,F组降低最为显著,铅镉联合表现协同毒性效应,镉在铅镉联合毒性损伤中发挥主要作用,与各染毒组比较,NAC保护组新生鼠体内微量元素Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn和Se含量均有不同程度升高,部分组间有显著差异(P<0.05),说明NAC对铅、镉致新生鼠体内微量元素平衡紊乱具有一定的保护作用.     

变异黄芪和小花棘豆对荒漠草地土壤性状的影响

为明确荒漠草原疯草对发生区土壤性质的影响,通过野外调查取样和室内分析,测定了2种危害最为严重的疯草变异黄芪(Astragalus variabilis)和小花棘豆(Oxytropis glabra)发生地的土壤物理和化学性质。结果表明:变异黄芪和小花棘豆发生区与未发生区土壤质地、含水量、孔隙度和容重无显著差异,发生区土壤碱解氮显著增加;小花棘豆发生区速效磷增加,速效钾降低。变异黄芪和小花棘豆发生地土壤理化性状差异显著。前者土壤砂粒含量较高,而水分、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量和pH则较低。变异黄芪和小花棘豆发生区土壤物理性质无明显改变,植物可利用养分有显著变化。变异黄芪比小花棘豆更能适应贫瘠的土壤条件,在荒漠草原潜在分布区面积大,更具危害性。     

蒙古羊卵巢组织差异表达基因ADAMTS1的电子克隆及RT-PCR验证

在单、双羔蒙古羊卵巢组织抑制性消减杂交的基础上,以其差异表达片段ADAMTS1基因序列为种子序列,采用GenBank的BLAST检索系统首先对蒙古羊的ADAMTS1基因序列片段进行了电子延伸,其次在获得蒙古羊AD-AMTS1基因的cDNA全序列后设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法进一步克隆了蒙古羊ADAMTS1基因。结果显示,试验所得序列与电子延伸序列的同源性为99.4%,序列长为2 420 bp包括836 bp 3'UTR区域和1 578 bp的完整开放读码框,共编码525个氨基酸。Blastn比对发现蒙古羊ADAMTS1基因序列与牛、猪和人的同源性分别为94%,87%,82%;对氨基酸序列进行blastp比对发现与牛、猪和人的同源性分别为91%,90%,87%。采用SMART程序预测其结构功能域发现蒙古羊ADAMTS1蛋白质有4个结构功能域:1个富半胱氨酸结构域和3个血小板反应蛋白。     

沙棘属植物结瘤特性及Frankia根瘤菌分离

以4种沙棘属植物为材料,调查其在不同生境、不同季节的结瘤特点,研究弗兰克氏根瘤菌(Frankia)的特性。研究发现,同种沙棘在不同生境和同种生境不同季节,不同种的沙棘属植物在不同生境,以及同一生境不同季节的根瘤大小、形状、着生部位、颜色和结瘤率不同;植物分布海拔越高,瘤块和瘤瓣越小;4种沙棘中藏沙棘根瘤瘤瓣最大。根瘤经切片法分离培养后,从不同生境不同季节生长的4种沙棘属植物中共得到纯培养菌株53株,不同宿主中的Frankia根瘤菌种类不同,同一宿主中也存在不同种类的Frankia根瘤菌。     

The Quantum Event of Oceanic Crustal Accretion: Impacts of Diking at Mid-Ocean Ridges

Seafloor diking-eruptive events represent the irreducible, quantum events of upper oceanic crustal accretion. They record events by which a large portion of the oceanic crust has formed through geological history. Since 1993, the U.S. Navy's real-time Sound Surveillance System has allowed location of ongoing acoustic signatures of dike emplacement and basalt eruptions at ridge crests in the northeast Pacific. These diking-eruptive events trigger a sequence of related, rapidly evolving physical, chemical, and biological processes. Magmatic volatiles released during these events may provide nutrients for communities of subseafloor microorganisms, some of which thrive in high-temperature anaerobic environments. Many of the organisms identified from these systems are Archaea. If microorganisms can thrive in the water-saturated pores and cracks within deep, volcanically active portions of our planet, other hydrothermally active planets may harbor similar life forms.     

Penny ice cap cores, baffin island, canada, and the wisconsinan foxe dome connection: two states of hudson bay ice cover

Ice cores from Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada, provide continuous Holocene records of oxygen isotopic composition (delta18O, proxy for temperature) and atmospheric impurities. A time scale was established with the use of altered seasonal variations, some volcanic horizons, and the age for the end of the Wisconsin ice age determined from the GRIP and GISP2 ice cores. There is pre-Holocene ice near the bed. The change in delta18O since the last glacial maximum (LGM) is at least 12.5 per mil, compared with an expected value of 7 per mil, suggesting that LGM ice originated at the much higher elevations of the then existing Foxe Dome and Foxe Ridge of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The LGM delta18O values suggest thick ice frozen to the bed of Hudson Bay.     

苹果离体叶片培养直接体细胞胚胎发生的形态学研究

研究了苹果离体叶片直接体细胞胚胎发生体系和外植体直接体细胞胚胎发生过程中的形态学特征。结果显示 ,苹果直接体细胞胚胎发生过程经历原胚、球形胚、心形胚、子叶形胚、成熟胚等阶段 ;子叶形胚以前的阶段没有观察到形态学多样性 ,发育至子叶形胚期的直接体细胞胚胎表现出形态学多样性 ,分别观察到一子叶胚、两子叶胚、三子叶胚、杯状胚、多子叶胚、畸形胚等 ,这些类型的胚最终都能发育成正常的成熟胚进而发育成小植株。     

植物生长素在大果沙棘嫩枝扦插中的应用研究

在温室内对5个大果沙棘品种嫩枝用4种植物生长激素处理进行扦插育苗试验,结果表明,吲哚丁酸和生根粉处理效果显著,浑金和向阳两品种更容易扦插成活。