4株鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒VP2基因序列分析

试验从发病鸡场分离获得4株鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV）,分别为河北株（HB）、湖北株（HUB）、山东株（SD）、山西株（SX）。通过特异性引物扩增VP2基因并进行测序,序列分析结果显示,4株病毒中,HUB、SD和SX的七肽区为S-W-S-A-S-G-S（aa 326S-332S）,其222（A）、256（I）、294（I）和299（S）位是传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒株（vvIBDV）的4个特征性氨基酸,确定这3株病毒均为超强毒株;而HB株七肽区为S-W-S-A-R-G-S（aa 326S-332S）,其222（P）、256（V）、294（L）和299（N）位氨基酸显示该毒株属于弱毒株。进化树分析结果显示,HUB、SD和SX 3株病毒与2011年中国分离的大部分IBDV毒株亲缘关系较近,同源性在96%以上,同时与经典毒株Cro-Po/00、超强毒株GX和UK661亲缘关系很近;而HB株与减毒疫苗株D78株和B87株的亲缘关系近。本试验结果表明,IBDV目前在中国流行呈混发型,但以超强毒株为主。     

天水地区葡萄霜霉病田间病情、孢子囊数量动态及病害始发关键因子分析

葡萄霜霉病是为害天水地区葡萄的主要病害,为明确当前环境条件下天水地区田间霜霉病发生、霜霉病菌孢子囊数量时间动态及病害初始发生的关键因子,本研究采用捕孢法及病害定点调查,对葡萄生长期田间霜霉病菌孢子囊数量及霜霉病发生动态进行了观测,用农田小气候自动观测仪记录田间气象数据。结果表明,天水地区葡萄霜霉病菌孢子囊始见期一般为7月初左右,若条件适宜,7月下旬至8月下旬为扩散盛期,9月以后进入快速消退期;田间病害始发期为7月上中旬,条件适宜时8月中下旬进入盛发期。在田间检测到霜霉病菌孢子囊后7 d左右田间开始见到霜霉病斑,从病害始发期至盛发期田间病情扩展与霜霉菌孢子囊数量呈显著正相关;葡萄霜霉病的发生与温度、相对湿度、降水等气象因子密切相关,其中有效降水是影响葡萄霜霉病初始发生及蔓延流行的关键气象因子。     

硒对硒蛋白-谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因表达及其酶活性的调节

本文根据国内外研究现状详细综述了硒调节细胞型谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX1)mRNA水平、蛋白水平及酶活3个水平的可能分子机理,初步概述硒对其余GPX基因表达的影响及其作用机制,为深入研究硒调节GPX基因表达的作用机制提供参考。     

EIAV驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株减毒过程第61代毒前病毒全基因组DNA的克隆与分析

马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)的毒株DLV是EIAV驴强毒株DV在驴白细胞中传代125代减毒而成.为阐明EIAV 疫苗致弱及作用机理,本研究克隆和分析了减毒过程中第61代毒前病毒基因组DNA.以该代次毒基因组DNA为模板,设计了特异性引物,进行3次LA-PCR(Long accurate PCR)扩增,均获得了7941 bp的DNA片段,并将PCR产物克隆至pMD18-T载体.经PCR鉴定、酶切鉴定及核酸序列测定,得到了16株DLV第61代的全基因组克隆及其基因组核苷酸序列.根据所测序列,对该基因组中各主要基因序列的多样性以及与已发表的我国EIAV强毒辽宁株LV和疫苗株DLV等的相应序列进行了比较分析.本研究结果为进一步探讨马传贫疫苗的致弱机理及免疫保护机制提供了有益的参考数据.     

绒山羊骨骼肌miRNAs及其靶基因表达谱分析

本试验选取了miR-1、miR-133、miR-24、miR-122、miR-103、miR-143、let7 7个miRNAs,旨在对其表达量及靶基因表达谱进行分析.选用4只绒山羊的背部和后腿肌肉提取RNA,反转录后,利用SYBR荧光定量PCR来检测各miRNAs的表达量,并采用靶基因指纹图谱(MTFP)技术获得各miRNAs的靶基因表达谱.结果表明,miR-NA表达量依次为:miR-1＞ miR-133＞ miR-24＞ let7＞ miR-143＞ miR-103＞ miR-122,其中miR-1和miR-133表达规律相似,且这7个miRNAs在成羊中的表达量均高于羔羊;此外,miRNAs表达量的差异还受性别影响,且miR-NA表达量与靶基因个数及其表达量之间具有相关性.对5个miRNAs的10个靶基因测序并比对,表明靶基因分别编码与信号转导、细胞周期等相关的蛋白.通过这7个miRNAs与其靶基因表达的分析,揭示了肌肉发育相关miRNAs及脂肪发育相关miRNAs在绒山羊骨骼肌中的异同,有利于绒山羊肉质基因的研究.     

Genetic and environmental factors associated with incidence of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in preweaned beef calves

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is one of the most economically important diseases in preweaned calves. This study examined the health records of 45,497 calves over a 20-yr period to determine environmental and genetic factors influencing the incidence of IBK. Three data sets were analyzed with an animal model. The first data set (n = 41,986) evaluated environmental factors and genetic differences among nine purebred (Angus, Braunvieh, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Pinzgauer, Red Poll, and Simmental) and three composite breeds (MARC I, MARC II, and MARC III). Weaning weights of calves diagnosed with IBK were 8.9 kg lighter (P < 0.05) than weights of healthy calves. Incidence of IBK was related to age of the calf and the seasonal life cycle of the face fly (Musca autumnalis). Incidence of IBK increased in the spring (June), peaked during the summer months (July to September), and then decreased in the fall. Herefords were the most susceptible breed (P < 0.05) compared with all other purebreds and composites. Estimates of direct heritability for the incidence of IBK were generally low and ranged from 0.00 to 0.28 by breed. The maternal permanent environmental and genetic effects of the dam on the incidence of IBK were not significant for most breeds. The second data set (n = 9,606) was used to estimate heterosis for the incidence of IBK from a Hereford and Angus diallel design. The heterosis effect for the incidence of IBK in reciprocal Hereford/Angus crossbred calves was slightly negative (P = 0.12) but not large. The higher incidence of IBK in Angus x Hereford calves compared with Hereford x Angus calves (13.3 vs. 8.9%) suggests a maternal effect related to the incidence of IBK. Incidence of IBK in crossbred calves sired by tropically adapted breeds (Brahma, Boran, Tuli) compared with purebred and crossbred Bos taurus types was investigated in the third data set (n = 2,622). Crossbred calves sired by tropically adapted breeds had a lower incidence of IBK than most Bos taurus types (P < 0.05), but they were not different than either reciprocal crosses of Hereford and Angus or purebred Angus calves. Response to selection for decreasing the incidence of IBK is likely to be slow because of low heritability and low incidence in most breeds. Significant breed differences for incidence of IBK may be important to some producers and management systems.     

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌感染ICR小鼠模型的建立

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)是一种人畜共患食源性致病菌,能引起人和动物较为严重的感染症状。现广泛使用具有免疫活性的小鼠模型测定半数致死量(LD₅₀)来评价不同LM菌株的致病性。为建立LM的ICR小鼠模型,本研究采用1/2a血清型的N21 LM菌株,分别以10⁶、10⁷、10⁸、10⁹和10¹⁰ CFU的剂量口腔灌注感染6周龄ICR小鼠,每组10只;另取10只接种PBS作为对照组,测定LM对ICR小鼠的LD₅₀;另取40只小鼠,平均分为2组,公母各半,以测定的LD₅₀剂量接种LM,分别对各组小鼠临床症状、组织病理变化、体重变化及组织中细菌载量进行评价。结果发现,N21 LM菌株对ICR小鼠的LD₅₀为10^9.25 CFU;感染周期为10 d左右,感染小鼠出现被毛粗糙、精神萎靡、阴茎垂出及体重下降等临床症状。组织病理学分析结果显示,肝脏先后出现实质内灶状细菌团块、形成血栓、细胞坏死等;脾脏主要表现为白髓内淋巴细胞减少;肺脏主要表现为纤维素性肺炎。菌落计数和Real-time PCR的检测结果发现肝脏中细菌载量最高,脾脏次之。结果表明,ICR小鼠能作为单核细胞增生性李斯特菌的感染模型。本试验结果为研究LM的致病机制、疫苗研究及抗菌肽转基因小鼠抗LM的评价奠定了基础。     

The relationship between ultrasound measurements and carcass fat thickness and longissimus muscle area in beef cattle

Five hundred thirty-four steers were evaluated over a 2-yr period to determine the accuracy of ultrasonic estimates of carcass 12th-rib fat thickness (CFAT) and longissimus muscle area (CLMA). Within 5 d before slaughter, steers were ultrasonically measured for 12th-rib fat thickness (UFAT) and longissimus muscle area (ULMA) using an Aloka 500V real-time ultrasound machine equipped with a 17.2-cm, 3.5-MHz linear transducer. Overall, correlation coefficients between ultrasound and carcass fat and longissimus muscle area were 0.89 and 0.86, respectively. Correlations for UFAT with CFAT were similar between years (0.86 and 0.90), whereas the relationship between ULMA and CLMA was stronger in yr 1 (r = 0.91; n = 282) than in yr 2 (r = 0.79; n = 252). Differences between ultrasonic and carcass measurements were expressed on both an actual (FDIFF and RDIFF) and absolute (FDEV and RDEV) basis. Mean FDIFF and RDIFF indicated that ultrasound underestimated CFAT by 0.06 cm and overestimated CLMA by 0.71 cm2 across both years. Overall mean FDEV and RDEV, which are indications of the average error rate, were 0.16 cm and 3.39 cm2, respectively. Analysis of year effects revealed that FDIFF, FDEV, and RDEV were greater (P < 0.01) in magnitude in yr 1. Further analysis of FDEV indicated that leaner (CFAT < 0.51 cm) cattle were overestimated and that fatter (CFAT > 1.02 cm) cattle were underestimated with ultrasound. Similarly, steers with small CLMA (< 71.0 cm2) were overestimated, and steers with large CLMA (> 90.3 cm2) were underestimated. The thickness of CFAT had an effect (P < 0.05) on the error of UFAT and ULMA measurements, with leaner animals being more accurately evaluated for both traits. Standard errors of prediction (SEP) adjusted for bias of ultrasound measurements were 0.20 cm and 4.49 cm2 for UFAT and ULMA, respectively. Differences in SEP were observed for ULMA, but not UFAT, by year. These results indicate that ultrasound can be an accurate estimator of carcass traits in live cattle when measurements are taken by an experienced, well-trained technician, with only small differences in accuracy between years.     

Pararectal Cystotomy for Urolith Removal in Nine Horses

Objective: To report outcome of horses after standing pararectal cystotomy for removal of uroliths. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Horses (n=9) with cystic calculi. Methods: Medical records (December 1998–May 2007) of horses with cystic calculi that had standing pararectal cystotomy were reviewed. Signalment; urolith number, size, and type; surgical technique; sedation and analgesia protocols; intra‐ and postoperative complications and outcome were analyzed. Results: Uroliths (mean diameter, 6.37 cm; median, 6 cm; range, 3–10 cm) were removed intact without need for fragmentation. Eight (89%) horses had no complications and 1 horse (11%) developed persistent drainage from the perineal incision and incisional healing was prolonged. The complications resolved after wound revision, and although cystoscopy showed absence of uroliths, the clinical signs associated with cystitis recurred. Conclusions: Cystic calculi can be removed safely in standing horses using a pararectal approach. The procedure was well tolerated and no serious complications were encountered. Clinical Relevance: Pararectal cystotomy allows removal of cystic calculi in standing sedated horses. The technique may offer an economic advantage over approaches that require general anesthesia.     

皮南牛新品种培育现状、存在问题与对策

南阳牛是我国五大良种黄牛品种之一,近些年国家越来越重视通过杂交改良的方法产生新品种培育工作,1986年引进了皮埃蒙特牛,与南阳牛进行杂交改良,通过30多年来的持续选育,横交固定形成了皮南牛新类群,它保持了南阳牛适应性好、耐粗饲的优点,同时继承了皮埃蒙特牛生长发育快、瘦肉率高的特点,但在皮南牛新品种培育过程中,仍存在核心...