仙草对禽大肠杆菌的体外抑菌试验

为探讨仙草的药理活性,采用两倍稀释的定量分析方法分别测定仙草的根、茎、叶及全草对3个血清型的禽大肠杆菌体外抑菌的MIC,并对仙草全草水和醇提取液的体外抑菌特性进行比较。结果显示仙草中根、茎、叶及全草对禽大肠杆菌的体外抑菌的MIC在3.9～250g/L之间,显示仙草优良的抑菌效果和广阔的应用前景;仙草全草醇提取液的体外抑菌效果优于水提取液,为临床应用提供理论依据。     

红叶石楠RAPD反应体系的优化

建立并研究适合红叶石楠的RAPD的最佳反应体系,为以后开展红叶石楠的遗传多样性研究、物种资源研究和亲缘关系鉴定等提供重要的参考。采用改进后的CTAB法,成功地提取了红叶石楠基因组DNA,通过单因素试验,研究了Mg2+、dNTP、引物的浓度和模板DNA,Taq酶的用量对RAPD反应的影响,建立适合于红叶石楠的RAPD反应体系。结果表明,在25 μL的RAPD反应体系中最佳反应条件分别是10×PCR Buffer 2.5 μL、Mg2+ (25 mmol/L) 2.0 μL、引物(20 μmol/L) 2.0 μL、dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L) 1.8 μL、DNA模板(49.5 μg/mL) 2.0 μL、Taq聚合酶0.3 μL (5 U/μL)。适宜的PCR循环程序为94℃预变性4 min,然后44个循环（94℃变性30 s,36℃退火30 s,72℃延伸2 min）后,72℃延伸10 min,最后16℃保存。改进的CTAB法能成功地提取红叶石楠基因组DNA,利用单因素试验设计所建立的RAPD反应体系,通过重复试验证明了该体系稳定可靠,可应用于红叶石楠遗传多样性、亲缘关系等方面的研究中,为红叶石楠在分子生物学研究奠定了基础。     

穴位注射治疗鸭大肠杆菌病的初步研究

为改善家禽胴体品质和减少抗生素使用数量,根据中兽医辨证论治理论和整体的观点,采用穴位注射给药的方法对人工感染大肠杆菌病鸭作治疗保护试验,结果按氟甲砜霉素注射液推荐剂量的40％-50％给药仍有较好的治疗效果,与按100％推荐剂量胸肌注射给药的治疗组比较,差异不显著(P>0.05),而与按50％推荐剂量胸肌注射给药的治疗组比较差异显著(P<0.05),穴位注射给药有较好的疗效。试验结果显示了减少抗生素使用量和改善家禽胴体品质的治疗新方法的可行性。     

覆土保湿对食用菌的增效研究

平菇，猴头及灵芝，覆土保温培养较对照子实体质量明显提高，并可多收１－２潮，生物效率分别提高８７．６％，６６．６％，４３．９％，而且后期无霉菌污染，主潮后子实体正常菇率高出对照３２．５～５５．６％。     

南京蔬菜地蜗牛的发生和防治

蜗牛为间隙性暴发、杂食性软体动物，同型巴蜗牛在南京1年发生1代，2次危害高峰：6～7月；9～10月。春季取食茄果类、瓜类嫩叶，夏秋季取食十字花科蔬菜。转移到沟边时，以取食杂草为生。蜗牛发生和危害轻重受温湿度、食料等环境因素影响很大，高峰期虫口密度可达43．2头／m2，1棵大白菜上最多有45头，受害严重的蔬菜不能上市。防治以综合防治为好。衣业防治措施是清沟铲草、清洁田园；药剂防治可用6％密达颗粒剂，2％灭旱螺颗粒剂和8％灭蜗灵颗粒剂等。     

鲫与8种淡水鱼血清和体表粘液蛋白分子及其抗原相关性分析

应用ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,琼脂免疫扩散和免疫电泳分析比较了鲤形目鲤亚目的其他８种淡水鱼和血清,体表粘液蛋白及其抗原相关性。这８种鱼分别是鲤亚目鲤形科的鲤,鲂草鱼,鳅科的泥鳅,鲇亚目鲇科的鲇,尝科的黄颡鱼,鳢形目乌鳢科的乌鳢和合鳃目合鳃科的黄鳝等。结果表明,在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ图谱中各种鱼的血清和体表粘液共有和特有蛋白组分的比例数在不同目,科和种之间判别不明显。     

分布稻田的三种不同体色泥鳅组织LDH同工酶的研究

本文报道了应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳分析研究分布于稻田的三种不同体色泥鳅在心肌,骨骼肌,肝脏,眼,血清七种组织器官中ＬＤＨ同工酶的表达特征。电泳图谱表明,这些组织分布和活力均具有明显的组织特异性;在脑组织ＬＤＨ２活性最强,其它组织如血清,眼,卵巢,肝脏,心肌等组织中ＬＤＨ３活力最强,此外,在肝脏中存在由Ｌｄｈ－Ｃ编码的Ｃ带。     

Growth performance,immune status,gastrointestinal tract ecology,and function in nursery pigs fed enzymatically treated yeast without or with pharmacological levels of zinc

Growth performance and physiological responses of nursery piglets when fed enzymatically treated yeast (HY40) and pharmacological ZnO alone or in combination were investigated. A total of 144 pigs (21 d old, BW 7.32 ± 0.55 kg) were placed in 36 pens (4 pigs/pen). Pigs were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments (n = 9): 1) control corn-wheat-soybean meal diet (control), 2) control + HY40 (HY40), 3) control + (ZnO) and 4) control + HY40 + ZnO (HY40+ZnO). Inclusion of HY40 and ZnO was 0.5% and 3,000 ppm in phase I (days 0 to 14), respectively, and halved in phase II (days 15 to 42). All diets contained 0.2% TiO₂ for determination of apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of components. Body weight and feed disappearance were recorded weekly. One pig per pen was killed for organ weights, blood, and tissue samples on day 14. Except for phase II, when HY40 + ZnO pigs had greater average daily feed intake (P = 0.004) than all other treatments, there were no (P > 0.05) interactions between HY40 and ZnO on growth performance. Pigs fed HY40 or ZnO containing diets were heavier (P < 0.05) than pigs fed without by the end of the study. On day 14, pigs fed additives exhibited higher (P ≤ 0.009) ATTD of dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) than control pigs. On day 28, pigs fed control, HY40, and HY40 + ZnO had greater (P ≤ 0.022) ATTD of DM, crude protein, and GE than piglets fed ZnO only. Pigs fed HY40 + ZnO had lower ileal digesta Escherichia coli concentration (P < 0.05) than HY40 and control pigs. Ileal digesta of pigs fed ZnO diets had higher lactobacillus to E. coli ratio (1.44 vs. 1.20; P = 0.001), exhibited higher concentrations of acetic (P = 0.01) and butyric acid (P = 0.01) but lower lactic (P = 0.02) and total short chain fatty acids (P = 0.033) than pigs fed non-ZnO diets. Greater (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of nutrient transporters, tight junction proteins, and fecal excretion of zinc (Zn) was observed in ZnO pigs relative to non-ZnO pigs. Pigs fed HY40 diets had greater (P = 0.002) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) than non-HY40 pigs. The concentration of plasma IgA was higher (P = 0.04) in HY40 + ZnO pigs relative to other pigs, whereas HY40 pigs showed higher (P < 0.001) jejunal IgA than non-HY40 pigs. Although the mode of action of HY40 and ZnO differed, the present study indicated that HY40 improved growth performance and jejunal function and immunity, making HY40 an effective alternative to pharmacological ZnO in nursery pigs feeding programs.     

基于双编码遗传算法的支持向量机作物病害图像识别方法

为了实现作物病害的计算机识别,采用基于双编码遗传特征选择的支持向量机和病害图像多特征参数识别病害的方法,对病害图像增强处理,彩色病斑分割,特征参数提取,构建双编码遗传算法优化特征子集,并赋予权重的一对一投票策略支持向量机来分类识别作物病害进行研究.结果表明:在同等条件下,该方法与没有采用遗传算法的支持向量机相比,特征向量减少了38％,正确率提高了6.29％.     

新疆乌鲁木齐市市场销售鱼类寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解鱼类寄生虫的感染情况,2013年5月至2014年9月,以乌鲁木齐市市场销售鱼类为研究对象,共收集鱼类7种,计435尾,获得寄生虫标本若干。按照鱼类寄生虫常规检查及鉴定方法进行鉴定,结果共发现鱼类寄生虫24种。其中,复口吸虫和单殖吸虫在6种鱼类中均有感染,属于易感虫体;而复口吸虫感染率及感染强度最高,为优势种。