中国乳企境外发展战略及对策研究

境外发展已经成为中国乳企提升竞争力的必然趋势和重要动力。在稳定奶源、优化升级与品牌开拓三阶段战略定位指引下,中国乳企主要通过收购、合资、独资以及战略合作四大模式实施境外发展,目前中国乳企境外发展主要受到融资、竞争力不足与政策风险、经营管理风险、国际型人才匮乏等方面的制约,本文从企业和政府2个视角提出了促进中国乳企境外发展的对策建议。     

PCR结合分子杂交法检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒

利用逆转录－ＰＣＲ（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）特异性扩增鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）基因组中Ｍ基因和Ｎ基因之间一段核酸片段。以ｐＵＣ１９质粒载体将此片段克隆，用ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＨｉｎｄⅢ酶切此重组质粒，回收克隆片段后，制成生物素标记的核酸探针。用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ及生物素核酸探针法分别对ＩＢＶ，ＩＢＤＶ，ＩＬＴＶ，ＭＤＶ及ＮＤＶ进行检测，结果证明该方法为ＩＢＶ特异性检测方法。对人工感染ＩＢＶ的ＳＰＦ鸡口腔棉拭样品进行跟踪检测，证明本方法能在ＳＰＦ鸡接毒后１～１０ｄ内检出ＩＢＶ。     

免疫抑制对苏拉灭和贝尼尔治疗小鼠伊氏锥虫病疗效的影响

用从自然感染宿主分离的伊氏锥虫原种ＪＧ的克隆ＪＧｍｃ１和ＪＧｍｃ５感染免疫活性正常小鼠和免疫抑制小鼠，２４ｈ后，以苏拉灭或贝尼尔治疗，两种药物对免疫抑制小鼠的ＣＤ１００均明显高于免疫活性正常小鼠，由经受一次苏拉灭或贝尼尔治疗未愈的免疫抑制小鼠分离的锥虫，感染免疫活性正常小鼠，再用原来对该克隆感染的免疫活性正常小鼠ＣＤ１００的苏拉灭或贝尼尔治疗即无效。用免疫溶解试验分别测定一组免疫抑制和免疫活性正确     

Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to subgroup A avian leukosis virus

Avian leukosis virus subgroup A (ALV‐A) is a retrovirus which infects egg‐type chickens and is the main pathogen of lymphoid leukosis (LL) and myeloid leukosis (ML). In order to greatly enhance the diagnosis and treatment of clinical avian leukemia, two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to ALV‐A were developed by fusion between SP2/0 and spleen cells from mice immunized with expressed ALV‐A env‐gp85 protein. Using immunofluorescence assay (IFA), two MAbs reacted with ALV‐A, but not with subgroups B and J of ALV. Western blot tests showed that molecular weight of ALV‐A envelope glycoprotein recognized by MAbs was about 53 kD. Isotyping test revealed that two MAbs (A5C1 and A4C8) were IgG1 isotypes. These MAbs can be used for diagnosis and epidemiology of ALV‐A.     

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of valnemulin in broiler chickens

Wang, R., Yuan, L.G., He, L.M., Zhu, L.X., Luo, X.Y., Zhang, C.Y., Yu, J.J., Fang, B.H., Liu, Y.H. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of valnemulin in broiler chickens. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 34 , 247–251. The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of valnemulin in broiler chickens after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral administrations of 10 mg/kg body weight (bw). Plasma samples were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). Pharmacokinetic characterization was performed by non‐compartmental analysis using WinNonlin program. After intravenous administration, distribution was wide with the volume of distribution based on terminal phase(V_z) of 4.27 ± 0.99 L /kg. Mean valnemulin t_1/2β(h), Cl_β(L /h /kg), V_ss (L /kg) and AUC_(0–∞)(μg·h /mL) values were 2.85, 0.99, 2.72 and 10.34, respectively. After intramuscular administration, valnemulin was rapidly absorbed with a C_max of 2.2 μg/mL achieved at 0.43 h (t_max), and the absolute bioavailability (F) was 88.81%; and for the oral route the same parameters were 0.66 ± 0.15 μg/mL, 1.54 ± 0.27 h and 74.42%. A multiple‐peak phenomenon was present after oral administration. The plasma profile of valnemulin exhibited a secondary peak during 2–6 h and a tertiary peak at 32 h. The favorable PK behavior, such as the wide distribution, slow elimination and acceptable bioavailability indicated that it is likely to be effective in chickens.     

DNA Methylation Pattern in Pronuclear-Stage Mouse Embryos: Effect of Oocyte Vitrification

This study was conducted to investigate the pattern of DNA methylation in pronuclearstage mouse embryos derived from vitrified-warmed oocytes.Mouse oocytes at metaphase Ⅱ (MⅡ) stage of meiosis were all...     

部分地区猪细环病毒1型感染的流行情况调查

猪细环病毒1型是近年来发现的又一种环状DNA病毒,可能存在潜在致病作用.为了初步了解其流行情况,用PCR技术和ELISA技术对来自京津冀、华东与华南地区578头保育猪血清样品进行了检测.结果显示,猪细环病毒1型的核酸与抗体的猪场阳性率均为100％;核酸阳性率为73.88％,抗体阳性率为78.72％,二者之间无显著差异(...     

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacenta for regulating of placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling

Non-infectious prenatal mortality severely affects the porcine industry, with pathological placentation as a likely key reason. Previous studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) deficiency causes defects in the uteroplacental vasculature and induces embryonic losses in mice. However, its role in porcine placental angiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, PPARγ expression was investigated in porcine uteroplacental tissues at gestational day (GD) 25, GD40 and GD70 via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, the roles of PPARγ in porcine placental angiogenesis were investigated using a cell model of porcine umbilical vein endothelial cells (PUVECs) to conduct proliferation, migration and tube formation assays in vitro and a mouse xenograft model to assess capillary formation in vivo. The results showed that PPARγ was mainly located in the glandular epithelium, trophoblast, amniotic chorion epithelium and vascular endothelium, as indicated by the higher expression levels at GD25 and GD40 than at GD70 in endometrium and by higher expression levels at GD40 and GD70 than at GD25 in placenta. Moreover, PPARγ expression was significantly downregulated in placenta with dead foetus. In PUVECs, knocking out PPARγ significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro and inhibited capillary formation in mouse xenografts in vivo by blocking S-phase, promoting apoptosis and downregulating the angiogenic factors of VEGF and its receptors. Overall, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacental tissue suggests its vital role in endometrial remodelling and placental angiogenesis, and PPARγ regulates placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling.     

二元和三元后备母猪批次化生产技术应用效果分析

本试验于2018年5~10月在天津某猪场对二元(长×大)和三元(杜×长×大)后备母猪应用批次化生产技术后的静立率、淘汰率、妊娠率和窝产仔数等繁殖力指标进行了统计分析。试验分为常温(5—7月)和高温(8—10月)两个阶段,每批参与试验的二元和三元母猪均大于30头。结果表明:在常温季节,三元后备母猪在静立率、妊娠率和总体妊娠率等方面与二元后备母猪无显著性差异(P>0.05);而在高温季节,三元后备母猪的静立率、妊娠率和总体妊娠率等方面均显著低于二元后备母猪(P<0.05)。相对于常温季节,高温季节里二元和三元母猪的妊娠率和总体妊娠率均显著降低,但在静立率方面只有三元母猪显著降低(P<0.05)。不论是在高温季节还是在常温季节,三元后备母猪的窝产仔数和窝均产仔数均显著低于二元后备母猪,而淘汰率却显著高于二元后备母猪(P<0.05)。结论:在常温季节,三元母猪静立率和妊娠率均与二元母猪差异不显著;但在高温季节三元母猪静立率和妊娠率均显著低于二元母猪;不论是高温还是常温季节,三元母猪的窝产仔数都显著低于二元母猪,而淘汰率显著高于二元母猪。