乡土植物在青海省高等级公路绿化中的应用

乡土植物是在长期的系统演化过程中,经过严格自然选择的优胜者,它们与当地的气候、土壤相适应,具有适应性广、抗病虫害能力高、抗逆性强等特点。本文通过总结近年来乡土植物在青海公路绿化中的实践经验,就如何合理规划应用乡土植物进行了阐述。     

Comparison of media used for the primary isolation of Mycobacteriurm bovis by veterinary and medical diagnostic laboratories

Veterinary and medical laboratories engaged in the cultural diagnosis of bovine or human tuberculosis were requested to supply samples of the media that they routinely use for the primary isolation of M. bovis. Fourteen laboratories supplied 7 basic media types; these were Lowenstein-Jensen, Stonebrink's, modified Middlebrook 7H11 agar, tuberculosis bovine blood agar, egg yolk agar, Gerloff's egg and Herrold's egg yolk. Two strains of M. bovis were used to test the media, strain AN5, a glycerol-tolerant laboratory strain and M86/90 a glycerol-sensitive wildtype strain. AN5 grew well on all media with the exception of Herrold's and strain M86/90 did not grow on media containing glycerol and grew poorly on Herrold's medium. It is recommended that Lowenstein-Jensen with pyruvate (but without glycerol), Stonebrink's, modified Middlebrook 7H11 and tuberculosis bovine blood agar should be considered the media of choice for the primary isolation of M. bovis. Egg yolk agar also proved adequate for this purpose in the trial. This medium may be suitable for routine use but to date experience with its use is limited.     

奶牛温氏支原体16SrRNA基因的PCR扩增、克隆及分析

目的对奶牛温氏支原体16SrRNA基因进行PCR扩增及克隆分析。方法从自然感染体的广西奶牛无菌采集血液,分离温氏支原体并提取病原基因组,用血营养菌的16SrRNA基因的通用引物进行PCR扩增,将扩增产物克隆到PGEM-Teasy载体后进行溺,I序和分析,并与Genebank上搜索的温氏支原体相应序列进行比较,建立系统发育树。结果PCR扩增得到长约1．5kb的扩增片段,测序结果显示该片段全长为1453bp,同源性分析表明该序列与Neimark公布的温氏支原体（前称温氏附红细胞体）（AF016546）的16SrRNA基因序列同源性达到97．4％,与系统发育进化树表明本株温氏支原体同本地株的关系较近,而与国外株的新缘关系较远。国内公布的广西株同源性为99．8％。结论结果表明证实该病原为温氏支原体,从分子生物学水平证实了温氏支原体在广西的存在。由于本试验分离得到的牛温氏支原体与国外发表的牛温氏支原体核苷酸序列相差2．6％,因此两者的基因型存在一定的差异,这对该病的分子流行病学分析具有一定的意义。     

The large‐scale capture of eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and red kangaroos (Osphranter rufus) and its application to a population management project

Objective: A large‐scale capture method was developed to enable sterilisation of a macropod population in western Sydney from 2005 to 2018. Methods: Until March 2007, free ranging eastern grey kangaroos and red kangaroos were herded into purpose‐built 15 m diameter capture yards (CYs) for darting with a projectile syringe. From March 2007 onwards, animals were free‐range darted in large areas without herding. Kangaroos were darted with 1.33–5.10 mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam and 0.01–0.02 mg/kg medetomidine, ± 0.03 mg/kg acepromazine. Deaths were monitored. Population counts were performed annually. Results: There were 5825 capture events involving 3963 kangaroos. Over 85% of all captures occurred from 2005 to 2008. Of all reported deaths (n = 523), 135 were attributed to ill health. Musculoskeletal injuries incurred during capture were the main project‐related cause of death (n = 116). Post capture myopathy was uncommonly diagnosed following capture (n = 19). Conclusion: The herding and capture method enabled a large number of kangaroos to be mobilised and captured with low mortality rates, and the use of CYs resulted in fewer capture‐related injuries and deaths than free‐range capture. The drug doses and combinations used for darting were safe and effective, and the capture technique was successfully applied to a population management project.     

Pup Growth Rates and Breeding Female Weight Changes in Two Populations of Captive Bred Degus (Octodon degus), a Precocial Caviomorph Rodent

Caviomorph rodents are renowned for comparatively long gestations and producing relatively precocious offspring. The degu (Octodon degus) is one such caviomorph, originating in central Chile and providing communal pup care within wild groups. Reported are pup growth data for two populations of captive bred degus in Britain and Chile (representing wild populations), for the first time analysing pup development over the postpartum and weaning period in detail. Pups in both colonies were found to be similarly precocial at birth as assessed by open eyes and presence of full body hair. Degu pups in the British colonies put on weight at a rate of 2–3 g/day, while pups in the Chilean colonies put on weight at a rate of 1–2 g/day over the first 14 days. At birth, individual neonates weighed 5 ± 1% of maternal mass for the British sample and 6 ± 0.5% for the Chilean sample. Sexual dimorphism occurred in the weight and growth rates of pups in both samples, despite the lack of sexual dimorphism in adults of the species. Data for breeding female weight changes were also analysed, providing the first reported observations for this crucial period. Pregnant female weight gain was found to vary over the course of gestation, and post partum weight changes varied significantly between breeding females in accordance with litter size.     

表面活性剂辅助的甲硫氨酸和色氨酸叶面喷施对芥蓝生长及菜薹芥子油苷组分和含量的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了脂肪族芥子油苷和吲哚族芥子油苷的合成前体甲硫氨酸和色氨酸单独及配合表面活性剂叶面喷施对芥蓝(Brassica alboglabra L.)生长及菜薹中芥子油苷组分和含量的影响。结果表明,各处理对芥蓝生长指标及芥子油苷组分无显著影响,在芥蓝菜薹中均检测到7种脂肪族芥子油苷和4种吲哚族芥子油苷。与喷施清水对照相比,甲硫氨酸、色氨酸单独叶面喷施及表面活性剂辅助的色氨酸叶面喷施,对芥蓝菜薹总芥子油苷含量、总脂肪族芥子油苷含量和总吲哚族芥子油苷含量均无显著影响。表面活性剂辅助下甲硫氨酸叶面喷施处理中菜薹总芥子油苷和总脂肪族芥子油苷含量比清水对照处理分别提高28.5%和31.9%,其中在11种芥子油苷中脂肪族芥子油苷3-丁烯基芥子油苷含量提高幅度最大,达到44.3%,同时表面活性剂辅助下甲硫氨酸叶面喷施显著提高了芥蓝菜薹全硫含量并降低了氮硫比(N/S)。本试验结果表明,有效供给甲硫氨酸能明显促进脂肪族芥子油苷的合成和积累,而辅之以表面活性剂能增进叶面对甲硫氨酸的吸收效果,其影响机理还有待进一步研究。     

不同蛋白质水平补饲料对早期断奶犊牦牛生产性能和胃肠道发育的影响

本试验旨在探究不同蛋白质水平补饲料对3月龄早期断奶犊牦牛生产性能、血液指标和胃肠道发育的影响。选取3月龄(90±5)日龄]健康大通母犊牦牛48头,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复3头。对照组犊牛全放牧,试验组犊牛在放牧基础上分别补饲不同蛋白质水平(粗蛋白质水平分别17%、18%、19%)的3种等能量(增重净能5.6 MJ/kg)饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,补饲能够显著提高犊牦牛的平均日增重,17%、18%和19%补饲组分别提高了28.87%、47.47%和28.61%(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,补饲显著提高了血清尿素氮浓度(P0.05),17%、18%和19%补饲组分别增加了10.57%、16.64%、21.84%(P0.05)。3)与对照组组相比,补饲料粗蛋白质水平为18%时,显著提高了瘤胃和大肠的绝对重量和相对重量(P0.05),显著提高了十二指肠、盲肠、结肠的绒毛高度以及十二指肠和盲肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P0.05)。因此,补饲能够提高早期断奶母犊牦牛生产性能和促进胃肠道发育,早期断奶母犊牦牛的补饲料的适宜粗蛋白质水为18%。