Salmonellae from dogs in Vom,northern Nigeria

Summary Examination by culture of single faecal samples from 120 domestic dogs in the Vom area of Nigeria showed 22 (18 per cent) of the animals to be excreting Salmonella organisms. One of the dogs yielded two and another three different serotypes. The total number of Salmonella serotypes isolated in the survey was 21. Dogs may be important in Nigeria as agents for the transmission of salmonellosis to man and domestic livestock.

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Aislamiento De Salmonelas De Perros En Vom, Nordeste De Nigeria

Resumen Se cultivaron materias fecales de 120 perros domésticos en el área de Vom, nordeste de Nigéria. Los exámenes dieron como resultado el aislamiento de salmonelas del 18 por ciento de animales examinados. En uno de los perros se identificaron dos serotipos distintos y en otro tres. El número total de serotipos aislados fue de 21. Se concluye, que los perros de Nigéria podrian ser importantes como agentes transmisores de salmonelosis a humanos y otros animales domésticos.

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Salmonelles Chez Les Chiens, A Vom, En Nigeria

Résumé L'examen par culture d'échantillons de matières fécales de 120 chiens domestiques de la région de Vom, en Nigéria, a montré que 22 d'entre eux, soit 18 p. 100, excrétaient des Salmonelles.Un des chiens hébergeait deux sérotypes et un autre trois sérotypes différents. Le nombre total des sérotypes isolés a été de 21. Les chiens peuvent donc constituer au Niger un facteur de transmission des Salmonelloses aux hommes et aux animaux domestiques.

     

Infections with Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Leptospira interrogans, serovars grippotyphosa and ballum, in a kennel of foxhounds

Leptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa and ballum were isolated from kidney and urine of an American Foxhound pup. The pup was from a litter of 12, all of which were unthrifty. Titers for serovar grippotyphosa in pups from the litter ranged from 200 to 6,400 and 23 of 36 adult dogs in the kennel had titers to that serovar. None of the sera was tested for antibodies to serovar ballum. Leptospires were not isolated from or observed in 2 littermates and 1 penmate, but gram-positive organisms morphologically compatible with Encephalitozoon cuniculi were detected in their brains and kidneys.     

The effect of nutrition during the growing period and the oestrous cycle on the reproductive performance of the pig

The literature on the effects of nutrition during the growing period and the oestrous cycle on the reproductive performance of the pig is reviewed. It is concluded that the age at which the gilt reaches puberty is influenced much less by nutrition than by other environmental factors. This being so it would be advisable to feed the gilt at a level of intake which optimises food conversion efficiency. By extrapolation from the recent work of Davies and Lucas (1972) this might be expected to occur when dietary energy intake was approximately three times the maintenance requirement.In some circumstances ovulation may be a limiting factor to litter size therefore in order to maximise ovulation rate it would be advisable to feed gilts ad libitum for 11–14 days before the oestrus at which they are to be mated.Following mating the feed intake of the gilt should be reduced to provide an intake of approximately 5 Mcal ME/day.On the limited evidence available at present it would appear likely that reducing the age at which gilts reach puberty and are mated will produce small reductions in litter size, but that such a practice may be justifiable in terms of savings in food consumption.From the evidence that is available it would appear that nutritional variations during the weaning to remating period and the post weaning oestrous period may influence ovulation rate. However, ovulation rate does not seem to be the factor which limits litter size. Post weaning nutrition may be of significance in determining if and when the female returns to oestrus and also in influencing conception rate. There is certainly a case for feeding the primiparous sow liberally between weaning from her litter and conception. However in the older sow the effects are less clearly defined. The precise requirements of the sow between weaning and conception still await definition.     

The variation in the concentration of plasma amino acids and blood urea in pregnant sows

Two pregnant sows were fed on a basal diet consisting of equal amounts of ground barley and ground wheat with or without addition of L-lysine hydrochloride. Plasma amino acid and blood urea levels varied according to the time after feeding. Almost all the essential amino acids reached a maximum level after one hour and then declined at four hours after feeding. The results suggested that samples taken at between one and four hours after feeding were responsive to changes in dietary composition and could provide a measure to evaluate the amino acid pattern in relation to feeding. Both plasma amino acid and blood urea data suggested that lysine was the first limiting amino acid in the basal diet.     

Prevalence and demographic characteristics of exertional rhabdomyolysis in horses in Australia

The proportion of the horses, of both sexes and of different ages, breeds and levels of activity, owned by a stratified random sample of Australian owners, which had suffered one or more episodes of exertional rhabdomyolysis during the previous 12 months was determined. The proportion in the general population was 1.9 per cent, and horses which exercised were significantly more likely to have experienced the condition than horses which did not. There were significant differences between the sexes and between certain breeds and activity groups in the proportions of horses affected.