Lactobacilli counts in crop,ileum and caecum of growing broiler chickens fed on practical diets containing whole or dehulled sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seed meal

1. Four experiments with growing broiler chickens were carried out to study the effects of the inclusion in their diets of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius ) seed meal on E. coli and lactobacilli counts in crop, ileum and caeca at 3 or 4 weeks of age. 2. Diets were formulated to contain the same amounts of metabolisable energy (12.55 MJ/kg) and protein (210 g/kg). Raw whole (heat-untreated) or dehulled sweet (low in alkaloids) lupin seed meal (400 and 320 g/kg respectively) were used to prepare the lupin-based diets, whose protein content was completed with either defatted soyabean meal or casein. 3. Final body weight and food intake of chickens fed on whole lupin seed meal diets were lower than controls, but gain: food ratios were not different. However, birds given the diet with dehulled lupin seed meal had similar body weight, food intake and gain: food values as those of controls. 4. While E. coli counts were not affected, lactobacilli numbers were consistently increased compared to controls in all intestinal sections of chickens fed on the whole or dehulled lupin-based diets, irrespective of the age of the birds or the presence of soyabean meal or casein in the diet. The lactobacilli species isolated were: Lactobacillus fermentum, L. acidophilus, L. salivarius and L. brevis 5. The results suggest that the use of whole or dehulled sweet lupin seed meal in diets for growing broilers might enhance the growth of lactic acid-fermenting bacteria in the gut.     

Detection of citrus psorosis-ringspot virus using RT-PCR and DAS-ELISA

Psorosis, sometimes also associated with ringspot symptoms, is a widespread and damaging disease of citrus in many parts of the world including South America and the Mediterranean basin. We describe the application of RT-PCR and DAS-ELISA diagnostics to an isolate of citrus ringspot virus (CtRSV-4) and other virus isolates associated with this disease. Fragments of cDNA from bottom-component RNA of CtRSV-4 were cloned and sequenced, and PCR primers were designed, 5'ACAATAAGCAAGACAAC upstream, and 5'CCATGTCACTTCTATTC downstream. RT-PCR experiments using these primers allowed detection of CtRSV-4 in infected citrus leaves down to a tissue dilution of 1/12 800 representing 2 μg of tissue, and less sensitive detection of the related citrus psorosis-associated virus (CPsAV90-1-1) and four other psorosis isolates from Argentina and the USA. In addition, CtRSV-4 particles were partially purified from local lesions in Chenopodium quinoa, and the preparations used to raise a rabbit antiserum. The antiserum was absorbed with extracts of healthy C. quinoa leaves, and a DAS-ELISA kit was prepared and tested for detection of CtRSV-4, CPsAV90–1-1, and other psorosis isolates from Argentina, the USA, Italy and Spain. The ELISA detected CtRSV-4 down to a tissue dilution of 1/1600, and most other psorosis isolates down to dilutions of 1/200–1/800. Three of a total of 20 heterologous isolates were consistently negative. Comparison of the PCR and ELISA results suggests that both methods can be used for detection of a range of psorosis isolates, but that variation of the viruses in the field might cause problems for any one diagnostic test.     

Utilisation de souches non pathogènes de Fusarium pour lutter contre les fusarioses: situation actuelle dans la pratique1

Des travaux antérieurs ayant permis de démontrer que des souches non pathogènes de Fusarium sont impliquèes dans les mécanismes de résistance des sols aux fusarioses, nous avons tenté d'utiliser des souches de Fusarium sélectionnées pour lutter contre ces maladies. Les bons résultats obtenus en conditions expérimentales nous ont conduits à mettre en place un réseau d'expérimentation en conditions normales de culture dans des serres de production de tomates et de melons. Le premier problème à résoudre est celui de la production massive d'inoculum, de sa conservation et de son introduction dans les sols et substrats de cultures. La production de l'inoculum est réalisée en fermenteur, les propagules produites soni récupérées par filtration et mélangées avec du talc, support inerte qui après avoir été séché assure la conservation et la distribution de cet inoculum dans des conditions satisfaisantes. Les quantités d'inoculum produites en 1985–86 ont permis de réaliser plusieurs essais de lutte dans des conditions normales de production. L'inoculum protecteur est apporté, soit dans les substrats de culture hors sol au moment de leur ensachage, soit dans les sols en place, immédiatement après leur désinfection au bromure de méthyle. L'installation de la souche protectrice est suivie régulièrement grace à des analyses microbiologiques et la gravité de la maladie est notée régulièrement en cours de culture. Les résultats enregistrés en 1986, variables d'une situation à l'autre, ne permettent pas de porter un jugement définif sur l'intéret de ce procédé de lutte. Ils sont cependant intéressants et permettent d'organiser sur des bases plus solides notre campagne d'expérimentation 1986–87.     

奶牛温氏支原体16SrRNA基因的PCR扩增、克隆及分析

目的对奶牛温氏支原体16SrRNA基因进行PCR扩增及克隆分析。方法从自然感染体的广西奶牛无菌采集血液,分离温氏支原体并提取病原基因组,用血营养菌的16SrRNA基因的通用引物进行PCR扩增,将扩增产物克隆到PGEM-Teasy载体后进行溺,I序和分析,并与Genebank上搜索的温氏支原体相应序列进行比较,建立系统发育树。结果PCR扩增得到长约1．5kb的扩增片段,测序结果显示该片段全长为1453bp,同源性分析表明该序列与Neimark公布的温氏支原体（前称温氏附红细胞体）（AF016546）的16SrRNA基因序列同源性达到97．4％,与系统发育进化树表明本株温氏支原体同本地株的关系较近,而与国外株的新缘关系较远。国内公布的广西株同源性为99．8％。结论结果表明证实该病原为温氏支原体,从分子生物学水平证实了温氏支原体在广西的存在。由于本试验分离得到的牛温氏支原体与国外发表的牛温氏支原体核苷酸序列相差2．6％,因此两者的基因型存在一定的差异,这对该病的分子流行病学分析具有一定的意义。     

四种基质对大根报春苣苔叶插繁殖的影响

为探明不同基质对大根报春苣苔(Primulina macrorhiza)叶插繁殖的影响,以大根报春苣苔的全叶片为试验材料,采用正交试验设计,研究泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石、稻壳炭4种基质对叶片扦插成活率、子株数、新叶总数的影响,并筛选出最优组合。结果表明,在试验的9个处理中,扦插基质以泥炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石∶稻壳炭为4∶2∶2∶1(体积比)为佳。泥炭对成活率、子株数、新叶总数均有显著影响(P0.05);珍珠岩对成活率、子株数、新叶总数均无显著影响(P0.05);蛭石仅对新叶总数有显著影响(P0.05);稻壳炭仅对子株数有显著影响(P0.05)。正交分析并推理出,以4种成分为扦插基质时,泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石和稻壳炭的最佳配比为2∶1∶1∶1(体积比)。