华北土石山区森林枯落物与土壤水文效应研究

以河北省易县崇陵小流域3种不同林分的枯落物层和土壤层为研究对象,对其水文效应进行初步研究。结果表明:3种林分枯落物蓄积量差异较大,侧柏枯落物蓄积量最大,高达57.9t/hm2,油松枯落物蓄积量次之,为29.8t/hm2,刺槐枯落物蓄积量最小,是28.7t/hm2;3种林分枯落物中,侧柏林的枯落物持水能力最强,为114.5t/hm2,油松林的枯落物持最小,仅为60.1t/hm2;3种林分下土壤的平均容重和总孔隙度差别不大,容重的变化范围在1.46~1.66g/cm3;总孔隙度均偏低,具体表现为:侧柏(30.86%)油松(29.31%)刺槐(27.1%);3种林分林下土壤持水能力有所差异,表现为:侧柏油松刺槐。土壤持水能力与各林分林下土壤的孔隙度大小呈正相关,即土壤孔隙度越大,土壤的持水能力越强;3种林分的土壤稳渗速率相差较大,表现为:刺槐(10.50mm/min)油松(2.80mm/min)侧柏(0.80mm/min)。     

Cyclic variation and solar forcing of Holocene climate in the Alaskan subarctic

High-resolution analyses of lake sediment from southwestern Alaska reveal cyclic variations in climate and ecosystems during the Holocene. These variations occurred with periodicities similar to those of solar activity and appear to be coherent with time series of the cosmogenic nuclides 14C and 10Be as well as North Atlantic drift ice. Our results imply that small variations in solar irradiance induced pronounced cyclic changes in northern high-latitude environments. They also provide evidence that centennial-scale shifts in the Holocene climate were similar between the subpolar regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, possibly because of Sun-ocean-climate linkages.     

皮、裸燕麦种质资源的性状表现和遗传差异分析

研究利用4份皮燕麦和5份裸燕麦为材料,对9份燕麦材料的产量性状和抗性进行了分析,结果表明:皮燕麦的产量低于裸燕麦的产量,而抗性表现是皮燕麦的抗性比裸燕麦的抗性强,特别是抗倒伏能力尤为突出。同时,采用RAPD分子标记技术,从DNA水平对9份燕麦种质的遗传差异性进行了研究。结果显示:从50条RAPD引物中筛选出6条多态性较强的引物,共扩增出DNA片段68条,其中具多态性带33条,多态率为48.5%,每引物平均多态位点5.5个。裸燕麦与皮燕麦的遗传距离较大,为0.087～0.496,而皮燕麦与皮燕麦以及裸燕麦与裸燕麦之间的遗传距离较小,分别为0.023～0.117和0.040～0.298。采用非加权类平均法(UPGAM)进行了聚类分析,当遗传距离为0.26时,将供试材料划分为3个类群,并与实际结果一致。     

日粮中添加不同锰、锌源对肉鸡生长性能及免疫机能的影响

将216只1日龄健康艾维茵肉鸡随机分为4个处理组,试验期7周。处理组日粮分别在锰含量为37.66mg/kg、锌含量为21.87mg/kg的基础日粮中添加不同的锰源与不同的锌源,其中处理1组为无机锰 无机锌,处理2组为有机锰 无机锌,处理3组为无机锰 有机锰 无机锌,处理4组为无机锰 有机锰 无机锌 有机锌,研究不同锰、锌源对肉鸡生长性能及免疫机能的影响。结果表明,氨基酸螯合锰部分或全部替代日粮中的无机锰,肉鸡生长速度及饲料转化效率有增加的趋势,氨基酸螯合锰、锌同时替代无机锰、锌,肉鸡的生长速度显著增加(p<0.05),饲料转化率也有增加的趋势。氨基酸螯合锰、锌与无机锰、锌相比,有促进机体免疫机能的趋势。     

人CD8~+T细胞基因调控网络研究

为研究CD8~+ T细胞的功能异常机制,对功能异常状态CD8~+ T细胞和3种正常CD8~+ T细胞亚型[中央记忆CD8~+ T细胞(HCM)、效应记忆CD8~+ T细胞(HEM)和na?ve CD8~+ T细胞(HW)]的ATAC-seq(Assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing)数据进行基因调控网络比较,结果表明,3种正常CD8~+ T细胞特异表达的基因参与维持相应T细胞正常功能的信号通路,功能异常CD8~+ T细胞特异的基因参与癌症相关通路。转录因子调控网络比较分析发现功能异常CD8~+ T细胞GMEB2转录因子表达关闭。细胞表面受体调控网络比较分析发现功能异常CD8~+ T细胞CD7和P4HB受体的表达关闭。采用基因调控网络的数据进行比较分析,发现CD8~+ T细胞功能异常机制可能与GMEB2转录因子、CD7和P4HB受体表达关闭有关,这为抗病育种寻找特定基因提供新思路。     

Risk factors and sources of variation in horse falls in steeplechase racing in the UK

We identified risk factors associated with falling during steeplechase racing. We used retrospective data from all steeplechase runs on UK racecourses during 1999: 10,866 starts with 647 horse falls. The relationship between continuous variables and falling was assessed using generalised additive models (GAMs). Polynomial fits then were included in a multilevel, multivariable logistic-regression model. The number of runners had a linear, positive association with the risk of falling. The distance of the race had a non-linear relationship with the risk of falling; the risk steadily increased in races up to 23 furlongs (1furlong approximately equals 198 m), and then decreased in longer races. Age also had a significant, non-linear relationship with the risk of falling: a decreasing risk up to 12 years of age followed by an increasing risk in older horses. Horses that wore visors and had raced previously were associated with a decrease in the risk of falling. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) showed that although most of the variation resided at the start (level 1), a proportion of variation in the risk of falling could be attributed to horse and race. Trainer and jockey contributed very little to the variation in the risk of falling.