Scanning Single-Electron Transistor Microscopy: Imaging Individual Charges

A single-electron transistor scanning electrometer (SETSE)-a scanned probe microscope capable of mapping static electric fields and charges with 100-nanometer spatial resolution and a charge sensitivity of a small fraction of an electron-has been developed. The active sensing element of the SETSE, a single-electron transistor fabricated at the end of a sharp glass tip, is scanned in close proximity across the sample surface. Images of the surface electric fields of a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterostructure sample show individual photo-ionized charge sites and fluctuations in the dopant and surface-charge distribution on a length scale of 100 nanometers. The SETSE has been used to image and measure depleted regions, local capacitance, band bending, and contact potentials at submicrometer length scales on the surface of this semiconductor sample.     

Infrared and thermal properties of lunar rock

The infrared absorption properties of lunar rock throughout the range 2 to 2000 micrometers were investigated and, in addition, direct measurements of specific heat and thermal conductivity of rock samples were made. The results suggest that pure radiation is an important, if not dominant, process in heat flow in the lunar surface layer. A new method for determining the mean conductivity of this layer gives somewhat lower values than earlier earth-based measurements. There is also evidence to suggest that, at depths of about 10 meters, the rock is still of a porous and fragmental nature.     

观赏竹在昆明市园林绿化应用中存在的问题及对策措施

通过对昆明市观赏竹种应用现状的调查,在了解不同竹种的生态习性和生物学特性基础上,分析现阶段观赏竹在昆明城市园林绿化应用中所存在的问题;并根据园林建设的需要提出了改进措施,以期为提高昆明市的观赏竹应用水平提供一定的实践及理论指导。     

Effect of male accessory gland secretions on sensitivity of porcine sperm acrosomes to cold shock, initiation of motility and loss of cytoplasmic droplets

Hyaluronidase release was used as an index of acrosomal membrane damage during cold shock of epididymal boar sperm and ejaculated sperm from intact and vesiculectomized boars. Sperm were also incubated with seminal plasma from intact and vasectomized boars to examine the contributions of male accessory gland secretions. Acrosomal membranes of epididymal sperm were more resistant to cold shock than those of ejaculated sperm. Only 36% of the hyaluronidase released by ejaculated sperm was released by the epididymal sperm in spite of similar hyaluronidase content of the sperm. Preincubation of epididymal sperm in seminal plasma from both intact and vasectomized boars increased resistance to cold shock by 60 to 80%. Initial dilution of epididymal sperm with seminal plasma, rather than Ringer-fructose buffer, was associated with low progressive motility and with retention of cytoplasmic droplets. In contrast, acrosomal membranes of ejaculated sperm from intact and vesiculectomized boars exhibited similar sensitivity to cold shock, releasing hyaluronidase capable of forming .20 and .19 mumol N-acetylglucosamine from hyaluronic acid/10(8) sperm in 8 min. Moreover, seminal plasma from vasectomized boars had no effect on acrosomal sensitivity to cold shock of ejaculated sperm from vesiculectomized boars.