葡萄枝屑栽培平菇的产量及营养成分效应研究

为解决平菇栽培原料供应价格飙升、供应紧张的现状,以平菇为试材,在平菇栽培培养料中按不同比例添加葡萄枝屑(0、30%、50%、70%),研究葡萄枝屑对平菇菌丝体生长、子实体产量及子实体营养成分的影响。先将葡萄枝屑、玉米芯、土霉素药渣等原料按不同比例浸泡混匀,装袋培养灰色平菇栽培种,采用柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱法测定平菇子实体氨基酸含量,按照国家标准测定方法测定平菇中微量元素含量。结果表明:添加适宜比例葡萄枝屑栽培平菇,菌丝体长势强,生长速率高,菌丝洁白、粗壮、紧密;添加葡萄枝屑可显著提高平菇产量,其中以添加50%葡萄枝屑的平菇产量最高(324.0 g/袋),且加入葡萄枝屑3个处理的生物学效率为90.3%~99.7%;添加葡萄枝屑可提高平菇子实体中铁、锌、硼等微量元素的含量;4个基质配方栽培的平菇基本能满足人体对必需氨基酸的搭配需求,且添加葡萄枝屑栽培的平菇赖氨酸含量显著高于不添加葡萄枝屑的对照。因此,加入葡萄枝屑可提高平菇的产量及微量元素含量,满足人体对必需氨基酸的需求。     

Genetic screening of FecB,FecXG and FecXI mutations and their linkage with litter size in Barki and Rahmani sheep breeds

Characterization of fecundity genes offers the opportunity to improve production efficiency, and the consequent increase in litter size in livestock industry, through utilizing them in breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to detect the BMPR‐IB, BMP15 and GDF9 gene mutations and to investigate whether these mutations are associated with litter size in Egyptian sheep breeds. To achieve this goal, 73 adult ewes representing Barki (n = 33) and Rahmani (n = 40) breeds were used. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) screening approach was used to detect the presence of FecB, FecX^G and FecX^I mutations in the two selected breeds. Results of this study showed that the three different candidate gene mutations, namely FecB, FecX^G and FecX^I are not present among these selected populations of the Egyptian breeds. Further studies regarding other mutations and/or other genes, which may influence ovulation rate, should be carried out to determine the type and mode of inheritance of such genes in Egyptian sheep breeds.     

Frequency of pancreatic amyloid deposition in cats from south-eastern Queensland

Summary Stereological procedures were used to estimate the amount of amyloid deposition in the pancreatic islets of 83 cats from random sources in south-eastern Queensland. Most had only minor deposits of less than 20% of islet volume (median 9%), but deposits equal to more than 50% of the islet volume were found in 10% of the cats. Amyloid deposition in pancreatic islets was correlated with the age of the cat. Although similar observations have been made previously in cats from the USA, the frequency of amyloid deposition was higher in this population of cats from south-eastern Queensland.     

Residues of the carbamate acaricide, 3-methyl-5-isopropylphenyl-N(n-butanoyl)-N-methylcarbamate (promacyl) and two metabolites in the tissues and milk of cattle

In order to assess some of the residue characteristics of the experimental carbamate acaricide, 3-methyl-5-isopropylphenyl-N-(n-butanoyl-)-N-methylcarbamate (promacyl) a 0.2 % aqueous emulsion was applied to cattle in a series of five trials and in a sixth, the technical product was added to the feed of stalled cattle. A method of analysis involving the formation of a derivative suitable for gas chromatographic analysis on electron capture detection mode was developed. Separate estimations of levels of the parent compound and the metabolites, 3-methyl-5-isopropylphenyl -N-methylcarbamate and 3-methyl-5- isopropylphenol, were carried out on fatty tissues and butterfat but for non-fatty tissues “total” levels, which were a combined estimate of 3-methyl-5-isopropylphenol itself and all substances hydrolysable to it, were estimated and quoted as Promacyl. The highest group average level of the parent compound was 0.9 part/million in fatty tissues 24 h after the last of 8 applications at 3 day intervals. In a single spray trial the maximum group average of 0.7 part/million in fatty tissues 24 h after treatment fell to 0.2 part/million after 5 days. Residues in butterfat, 7 h after a single dermal application showed a maximum level of 1.2 parts/million and this declined to 0.1 part/million on the seventh day after treatment. “Total” residues in non-fatty tissues were of the order of 1/10 those found in fatty tissues.     

Novel polymorphism of the canine dopamine receptor D4 gene intron II region

Various dog breeds are remarkably different from each other not only in their sizes and shapes but also in behavioral traits, suggesting that some of these characteristics are under genetic control. However, little is known about genes related to behavioral traits in canine species. In humans, it has been reported that the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) includes polymorphism at several regions that relate to personality or psychiatric disorders. In an earlier study by the authors of the present study, the polymorphisms in canine DRD4 exon III and exon I regions were reported. In the present study, a novel polymorphism in canine DRD4 intron II was found based on a 17 base pair insertion/deletion, and the two alleles detected were named P (shorter allele) and Q (longer allele). The allelic distribution in 28 breeds of dog, including a total of 1114 unrelated individuals, were then investigated. Both P and Q alleles were detected in most of the breeds investigated; however, the frequencies of P and Q differed greatly between breeds. With respect to classification based on breed origin, P and Q alleles were frequent in Occidental and Oriental breeds, respectively. Furthermore, two subspecies of wolves, the ancestors of dogs, were analyzed for the comparison of allele frequencies with dogs, and the P allele was predominant in both European and Chinese wolves.     

Cervical scoliosis and kidney lesions in sheep following dosage with vitamin D.

A case of cervical deformity of lambs following dosage with vitamin D was investigated. The lesions of a scoliosis are described together with the kidney lesions. It is suggested that doses of vitamin D normally considered to be non-toxic to sheep may prove to be so under certain conditions.     

Endoscopic electrosurgical excision of laryngeal granulation tissue in a standing pregnant mare

An 11-year-old, eight-months pregnant mare suddenly developed severe respiratory distress. Endoscopic examination identified intralaryngeal granulation tissue obstructing the airway. In order to avoid general anaesthesia and the problems associated with a permanent tracheostomy, the mass was resected electrosurgically while the mare was standing. Patency was restored to the airway and the mare foaled without complication.