基于多时相GF-6遥感影像的水稻种植面积提取

为获取高精度水稻种植面积提取方法和分析红边信息在作物识别能力上的优越性,该研究选取辽宁省盘锦市为研究区域,利用2020年水稻关键物候期的多时相高分6号宽幅相机（GF-6 WFV）遥感影像,构建归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）、归一化水体指数（Normalized Difference Water Index,NDWI）、比值植被指数（Ratio Vegetation Index,RVI）和归一化差异红边1指数（Normalized Difference Red-Edge 1 Index,NDRE1）,根据各地物类型进行时序分析,在获得水稻面积粗提取结果的基础上对其他地类进行掩膜,准确提取水稻种植面积。对2020年盘锦市水稻提取结果进行精度分析,结果表明,基于实测数据进行精度验证的总体精度为94.44%,基于目视解译数据进行精度验证的总体精度和Kappa系数分别为95.60%和0.91。根据目视解译数据对有无红边波段参与的水稻提取结果进行对比分析可知,红边波段的引入使总体分类精度、水稻制图精度和Kappa系数分别提高了3.20个百分点、6.00个百分点和0.06。该研究证明红边波段可以有效降低作物的错分、漏分情况,对水稻精准估产和丰富农作物遥感监测方法具有重要作用,显示出国产红边卫星数据在作物分类、面积提取方面具有巨大应用潜力。     

Genetic structure of highland papayas (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vasconcellea pubescens</Emphasis> (Lenné et C. Koch) Badillo) cultivated along a geographic gradient in Chile as revealed by Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR)

In Chile Vasconcellea pubescens is cropped to produce canned fruit, juice, jam and processed sweets. Additionally this species produces latex with a high level of papain, an important and valuable proteolytic enzyme with industrial applications. In this investigation seven ISSR primers were used to study the level and organization of genetic diversity in 333 samples of V. pubescens. Out of the 114 bands recorded, 63 proved to be polymorphic (P = 55.3%). At the species level, the genetic diversity was rather low (h = 0.01 ± 6,80188E-05, Shannon’s Index I = 0.16 ± 0,000148). The major portion of the genetic diversity was found within groups (65%). The genetic differentiation between the different groups was significant, as the AMOVA analysis suggested (Φ_pt = 0.35). When analysing the Northern area alone, the differentiation increased to Φ_pt = 0.40. When only the Southern area was analysed, Φ_pt decreased to 0.18, indicating greater genetic similarity among the samples. The results generated from Structure and Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure distinguished 8 genetically different groups, five of them located in the north and three in the south. The results are discussed in the light of the growers’ practices.     

不同灌溉制度对玉米根系生长及水分利用效率的影响

为了探讨不同灌溉制度对玉米根系生长和水分利用效率的影响及基因型间差异,在大型活动防雨棚和棚外田间条件下,利用一组玉米遗传材料杂交种户单四号、父本803和母本天四进行了研究。结果发现玉米杂交种在根系生长、分布和水分利用效率上表现出显著的杂种优势。在充分灌溉条件下,玉米杂交种在浅层的根长密度大于亲本,但在水分亏缺条件下,玉米杂交种根长密度在整个剖面上都显著大于亲本;同一玉米基因型在不同的灌溉制度下根长密度在土壤剖面的分布也不同,拔节期不灌溉条件下玉米根系在深层土壤中的分布较充分灌溉条件下大,保证了玉米对深层土壤水分的充分吸收,而后期灌水延缓了表层根系生长的衰退,产生明显的补偿效应;拔节期干旱而抽雄期和灌浆期灌水显著提高了3种基因型玉米的水分利用效率。通过合理灌溉优化玉米根系分布特性以提高玉米吸水能力和水分利用效率,是节水栽培上的可行途径。     

承德市坝上高原典型土壤的系统分类研究

中国土壤分类尚处于发生分类占主体、系统分类快速发展的并用阶段。为了解承德市坝上高原典型土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,本文在该区域栗钙土、灰色森林土、黑土等发生分类土壤类型区,挖取8个具有典型代表性的土壤剖面,进行土壤形成条件调查,并分层取样进行理化性状分析。结果发现：（1）8个土壤剖面具有的诊断表层有：有机表层、暗沃表层、淡薄表层;诊断表下层有：钙积层、雏形层;诊断特性有：半干润土壤水分状况、湿润土壤水分状况、滞水土壤水分状况、潮湿土壤水分状况、冷性土壤温度状况、纤维有机土壤物质、半腐土壤有机物质、潜育特征、氧化还原特征、盐基饱和度。（2）按照《中国土壤系统分类检索（第3版）》,8个土壤剖面归属为3个土纲（雏形土、有机土、新成土）、4个亚纲、5个土类、6个亚类。按照《中国土壤分类系统》,8个土壤剖面归属为5个土纲、6个亚纲、7个土类、8个亚类。（3）8个土壤剖面在发生分类与系统分类中发生分异的分类级别存在明显差异,两种分类体系的不同分类级别之间关系较为复杂,并不呈简单的、一对一的对应关系。     

Changes in low molecular weight phenolic compounds in Spanish, French, and American oak woods during natural seasoning and toasting

The evolution of low molecular weight polyphenols in Spanish oak heartwood of Quercus robur,Quercus petraea, Quercus pyrenaica, and Quercus faginea was studied by HPLC, in relation to the processing of wood in barrel cooperage. The polyphenolic composition of Spanish woods subjected to natural seasoning for 3 years and to the toasting process was studied in relation to those of French oak of Q. robur (Limousin) and Q. petraea (Allier) and American oak of Q. alba (Missouri), which are habitually used in cooperage. The concentrations of benzoic and cinnamic acids and aldehydes of Spanish woods increased during seasoning depending on the duration of this process and in the same way as those of French and American woods. The process having the main influence on the phenolic composition of wood was the toasting. It led to high increases in the concentration of phenolic aldehydes and acids, especially cinnamic aldehydes (sinapic and coniferylic aldehydes), followed by benzoic aldehydes (syringaldehyde and vanillin) and benzoic acids (syringic and vanillic acids). This polyphenolic composition in Spanish oak species evolved during toasting as in French and American oak, but quantitative differences were found, which were especially important in American species with respect to the others.     

微波真空与热风组合干燥扇贝柱的研究

利用不同的微波真空和热风组合方式对扇贝柱进行干燥试验研究,并与单纯微波真空干燥及单纯热风干燥进行比较,研究结果表明,利用微波真空+热风+微波真空的组合干燥方式进行扇贝柱的干燥,所需干燥时间比单纯热风干燥缩短50%以上,干燥扇贝柱的收缩率和复水率比单纯微波真空干燥均有不同程度的改善,抗破碎能力明显优于热风干燥。在微波功率和真空度分别为3 W/g和0.090 MPa、热风干燥温度为70℃的条件下,利用MV5(min)+AD120(min)+MV和MV5(min)+AD180(min)+MV两种组合干燥方法,所得干燥扇贝柱的10 min复水率和20 min复水率分别达到42.19%、89.85%和83.2%、106.5%,收缩率减小到49.43%和53.71%,干燥扇贝柱具有良好的感官品质(色泽嫩黄、表面无缝隙、形状保持完好等)和适中疏密程度的组织结构,是较优的扇贝柱干燥参数组合。     

旱地作物生育对土壤水肥耦联的响应研究进展

水肥是作物生长发育的基本物质基础,也是制约农业的主要因素。90年代以来我国在水肥对旱作 农业生产的协同效应方面做了大量的定性或定量研究工作,较为系统、深入地分析了旱地作物生长发育及产量对农田土壤水肥的响应。在总结分析的基础上指出水肥对旱地作物作用大小是随水肥相对平衡而变化。     

青岛汇泉湾大叶藻种群遗传多样性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳技术对青岛汇泉湾大叶藻种群内部的遗传多样性进行了初步分析,共研究了6种酶,得到该种群多态位点的比例（P％）为56．52％,每个位点平均等位基因数A／L为1．3478,根据其中17个位点,25个等位基因得到平均杂合度的预期值He为0．2122,观测值Ho为0．3251,对其遗传偏离进行D测验表明,大叶藻的杂合度较高,属于遗传多样性较为丰富的物种。     

2006年渤海湾近岸渔业资源调查与分析

2006年利用架子网进行了渤海湾渔业资源调查工作,通过对样品分析,发现渤海渔业资源量又有所下降,与1998年调查资料相比较,平均网产由40．1kg下降到31,8kg,下降了20．7％。其中毛虾由20．8kg下降到11,5kg,下降了44．7％;赤鼻棱鳗由1．01唱下降到0．3kg,下降了70％;叫姑鱼由6．2kg下降到0．4kg,下降了93．5％;尖尾媛虎鱼由4．3kg下降到0．9kg。下降了79．1％;。其他品种也相应的有所下降。另有、焦氏舌鳎、长蛸、短蛸未出现。