不同Pb浓度胁迫下4种地被竹的叶绿素荧光响应和转运积累研究

以黄条金刚竹(Pleioblastus kongosanensi)、阔叶箬竹(Indocalamus latifolius)、菲白竹(Sasa fortunei)、鹅毛竹(Shibataea chinensis) 4种竹种为材料,研究了4种地被竹对不同Pb浓度胁迫的响应及其对Pb的转运和积累情况。结果显示,在Pb胁迫下,4种地被竹形态特征均发生一定的变化,其中黄条金刚竹和菲白竹出现伤害症状较早; 4种地被竹的叶绿素荧光参数随着Pb胁迫浓度的增加而显著下降; 4种地被竹中鹅毛竹和菲白竹对Pb的耐性较强;不同竹种对Pb的蓄积能力也存在着差异,其中以阔叶箬竹和黄条金刚竹地上部分迁移总量较大。     

内蒙古农业大学校园环境噪声状况与分析

噪声污染是当前城市主要污染种类之一,被称为人类的"隐形杀手"。大学校园绿地属于特殊的专用绿地之一,其对噪声的反射、吸收、折射等作用很大程度上降低了污染的强度。文中利用通过HS5660D型精密噪声频谱分析仪对内蒙古农业大学校园环境噪声进行24小时观测的数据,依据国家环保局颁布的噪音标准值,对内蒙古农业大学(东区)不同区段的环境噪声状况进行对比分析,以分析不同绿地的减噪效果。     

Assessment of cold tolerance at early developmental stages and allelic variation at candidate genes in South American rice germplasm

Rice is susceptible to cold during early developmental stages. Most tolerant cultivars have been developed for other conditions than those occurring in South America’s rice growing areas, or their grain type is not suitable for the local markets. If locally adapted varieties were available, growers could anticipate sowing date, making flowering time coincide with the moment of maximum solar radiation and increasing yields. In this work, 116 rice inbred lines and varieties of diverse origin within the South American gene pool were tested for seedling survival and germination percentage under low temperature in controlled conditions. As a result, lines used as controls responded as expected, whereas lines with similar behavior to controls, intermediate between susceptible and tolerant controls and more extreme than controls were detected at both seedling and germination stages. Allelic variation at candidate genes OsGSTZ1, OsGSTZ2 and OsCDPK13 was analyzed in a subset of ten contrasting lines. Ten out of thirty-four polymorphisms detected in all three genes were associated with cold tolerance in these lines. A functional marker, designed from an aminoacid-changing SNP found in gene OsGSTZ2, was tested in the 116 lines. As a result, a tight association was observed between cold tolerance and marker score. In conclusion, wide variability for cold tolerance at early developmental stages has been detected in rice advanced breeding materials that are adapted to local growing conditions. Also, a functional marker tightly associated with the trait is available for performing marker assisted selection.     

Assessing the agronomic potential of linseed genotypes by multivariate analyses and association mapping of agronomic traits

High prices of fish oil make linseed attractive for aquaculture and animal feed. To ensure a constant supply of linseed, the development of stable cultivars is of strategic importance. In this study, 35 linseed genotypes were evaluated in five Chilean environments (E) from 2009 to 2012. The additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis (AMMI), genotype (G) plus genotype by environment (GE) interaction (GGE) biplot analysis and three stability parameters were tested with the aim of identifying adapted genotypes for the development of linseed cultivars. An association mapping (AM) analysis was also conducted for four agronomic traits and the stability of the associated markers was evaluated using the QQE (QTL main effect and QTL by environment interaction) approach. Combined analysis of variance for yield, seeds per boll (SPB), plant height (PH) and days to flowering (DTF) were significant for G, E and GE (P < 0.001). The combined stability analysis identified some Canadian, Argentinean and Chilean accessions to be the best adapted and highest yielding genotypes. Coancestry analysis indicated that crossing Canadian and Chilean genotypes could maximize transgressive segregation for yield. Significant associations for DTF, PH and SPB explained up to 59 % of the phenotypic variation for these traits. The QQE and AM analyses were consistent in identifying marker LGM27B as the most stable and significant across all environments with the largest effect in reducing DTF. The combined application of the stability, AM and QQE analyses could accelerate the development of marketable linseed cultivars adapted to Southern Chile.     

结球甘蓝耐裂球性状遗传分析

 以结球甘蓝‘79-156’和‘96-100’为亲本配制的6 个联合世代（P1、P2、F1、B1、B2、F2）群体为试材,采用主基因+ 多基因混合遗传模型对耐裂球性状进行了遗传分析。两年结果均表明,耐裂球性状的最适遗传模型为E-0 模型,即两对加性–显性–上位性主基因+ 加性–显性–上位性多基因控制。两对主基因均以加性效应为主,且存在明显的互作效应。2010 年该组合B1、B2、F2 分离群体的主基因遗传率分别为67.3%、1.4%和59.1%,多基因遗传率分别为0、56.2%和0,遗传变异平均值占表型变异的60.9%,环境变异平均值占表型变异的39.1%;2011 年该组合B1、B2、F2 分离群体的主基因遗传率分别为85.5%、22.3%和84%,多基因遗传率分别为0、24.3%和0,遗传变异平均值占表型变异的63.9%,环境变异平均值占表型变异的36.1%。表明该性状以主基因遗传为主,同时受环境影响较大,应在早期世代进行选择,B1、F2 主基因选择效率较高     

甘蓝自交亲和系‘中甘87-534’

 ‘中甘87-534’是通过系统选择育成的甘蓝自交亲和系。植株开展度约为32.5 cm × 31.7 cm,外叶12片左右,颜色绿,倒卵圆形。叶球圆,单球质量0.7 kg左右,球叶质地细,紧实度大于0.5。早熟,定植后约50 d收获。自交亲和指数大于10。春季种植耐抽薹性好。     

甘蓝型CMS杂交油菜品种种子纯度的分子鉴定及其吻合率研究

本研究在大量引物筛选和重复验证的基础上对目前生产上大面积推广的CMS杂交油菜品种秦优7号、秦杂优1号及其对应亲本进行了RAPD标准图谱的构建,并规模化的对该两杂交种的生产商品用种种子纯度进行了检测。对所检样品所代表的种子群体进行了大田吻合率比对研究和群体纯度跟踪,结果显示两品种的室内检测结果和田间表现的单株育性吻合率皆在97%以上,这表明利用该技术进行杂交油菜种子纯度分析方法是可靠的,该方法在连续5年上百份样品、数万单株和20多万公斤的杂交油菜种子纯度分析应用实践中得到检验和证明。     

First report of Ectinogonia buquetti (Spin.) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in bioenergy plantations of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh.) in Chile

Ectinogonia buquetti (Spin.) (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) was identified as the agent causing damage on a Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh.) bioenergy plantation. Damage affected the principal apex and upper lateral branches and loss of lateral branches on E. camaldulensis due to complete ring-barking. E. buquetti is a coleopteron native to Chile, it preferably feeds on the wood of native species. A total of 205 individuals, all adults were found; 45% of the plants presented some type of damage.     

Effect of cutting age and substrate temperature on rooting of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Taxus globosa</Emphasis>

Taxus globosa (Mexican yew) is a conifer endemic to México and Central America. It produces a substance known as taxol, which is useful in treatment of ovarian cancer. Because seed production for this dioecious tree is limited, and seed germination is extremely difficult, the use of cuttings could facilitate propagation of this species. With the intention of massively propagating individuals selected for taxol content, two trials were established in which the effect of substrate temperature (average temperatures 18 and 23°C), age (i.e., young vs. old shoots) and management of cuttings, as well as clone variation in rooting capacity, were evaluated. Low temperature favored rooting (53 vs. 34% on average for the two trials); younger shoots rooted three times (61 vs. 23%) more than mature ones, while basal wounding did not affect rooting capacity. A wide variation was found in rooting capacity of clones (8–76%), which could be associated with genetic or physiological differences among donor trees.