铺地木蓝对肇庆地区柑橘园土壤养分及细菌群落的影响

【目的】探究铺地木蓝在柑橘果园种植 1 年后对杂草、0~20 cm 土层土壤养分含量和土壤细菌多样性的影响。【方法】设置自然生草（CK1）、土壤覆盖遮草布（PD1）、土壤覆盖银黑地膜 + 种植铺地木蓝（PD2）、种植铺地木蓝（PD3）4 个处理,1 年后调查杂草种类、测定土壤理化性质（pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾和速效钾）和土壤细菌群落情况。【结果】 PD2 处理土壤全氮（0.86 mg/g）、全磷（0.78 g/kg）、速效磷（23.84 mg/kg ）、全钾（11.91 g/kg）、有机质（34.82 g/kg）含量最高;PD2 处理土壤全氮和碱解氮含量比 PD1处理的分别增加了 0.37、27.43 mg/kg,PD1 处理土壤全磷含量最低（0.41 g/kg）,PD3 处理速效磷（10.67 mg/kg）和有机质（25.99 g/kg）含量最低;PD1~PD3 处理的土壤全钾含量均大于 CK1 处理,速效钾含量则相反;杂草调查结果表明 PD1、PD2 处理均可很好地抑制杂草的生长。与 CK1 相比,PD1~PD3 处理均可降低土壤细菌群落多样性,但不影响细菌群落分布均匀性。PD2 和 PD3 处理的土壤细菌群落结构和丰度较相似,表现为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）相对丰度降低,绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）、罗库菌门（Rokubacteria）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）等有益细菌的相对丰度增加;其中 PD2 处理的优势菌属为 MND1（3.47%）、Sh765B-TzT-35（4.37%）,PD3 处理的优势菌属为 MND1（4.29%）。从 PD1 处理土壤中检测到视为土壤环境恶化的标志类群异常球菌 - 栖热菌门（5.10%）。【结论】柑橘果园行间道覆盖地膜后再种植铺地木蓝的综合表现最好,可以增加土壤养分和土壤中有益细菌群落的相对丰度。     

谈谈"一犬事多主"的训练

“一犬事多主”是指经过专门训练的一头工作犬,能够忠诚、勇敢地为一人乃至多人服务。这一训练方法,虽然与传统观念上的“义犬不事二主”相矛盾,但是客观上已经证实其有可行性。对于“义犬不事二主”的观念,笔者认为:虽然突出了犬的忠义品质,但是容易误导人们,将那些能为多个主     

高等院校计算机基础课教学改革探讨

本文主要论述了目前高校计算机基础教育面临的现状,并给出了一些改革措施,从学校、教师和学生等方面探讨了计算机基础教学的改革方法。     

杨树HSF家族基因生物信息学与胁迫应答表达分析

[目的]探究小黑杨热激转录因子HSF在应答高温和高盐胁迫时发挥的关键作用.保守结构域和顺式作用元件预测等对杨树HSF转录因子家族基因进行生物信息学分析.本研究以小黑杨为材料,经过37℃高温胁迫半个月后观察其形态变化;将小黑杨在37℃下分别处理0、12、24、48 h,采用RT-qPCR对小黑杨组织中的PsnHSFs基因...     

黄河下游滩地杨树人工林土壤微生物分析

对山东省济南市长清区黄河下游滩地杨树人工林林地土壤微生物数量及分布特征进行了分析,结果表明:滩地杨树人工林土壤微生物主要分布在0～20cm的土层,20～50cm土层的微生物较少;各林地土壤微生物数量明显高于新淤地微生物数量;细菌是滩地杨树人工林林地土壤微生物的主要组成成分,在上、下层土壤中所占比例分别为81.7%～99.1%和75.1%～98.8%;土壤微生物数量随林龄的增长呈现高—低—高的变化趋势,但至林木主伐前,固氮菌和纤维素分解菌数量有所降低;不同管理模式影响微生物的数量,集约经营管理的林分土壤微生物数量较多;滩地杨树人工林土壤微生物数量与土壤颗粒组成密切相关。     

Semi-Synthesis,Cytotoxic Evaluation,and Structure—Activity Relationships of Brefeldin A Derivatives with Antileukemia Activity

Brefeldin A (1), a potent cytotoxic natural macrolactone, was produced by the marine fungus Penicillium sp. (HS-N-29) from the medicinal mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius. Series of its ester derivatives 2–16 were designed and semi-synthesized, and their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Their cytotoxic activities were evaluated against human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell line in vitro, and the preliminary structure–activity relationships revealed that the hydroxy group played an important role. Moreover, the monoester derivatives exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity than the diester derivatives. Among them, brefeldin A 7-O-2-chloro-4,5-difluorobenzoate (7) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on the proliferation of K562 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 0.84 µM. Further evaluations indicated that 7 induced cell cycle arrest, stimulated cell apoptosis, inhibited phosphorylation of BCR-ABL, and thereby inactivated its downstream AKT signaling pathway. The expression of downstream signaling molecules in the AKT pathway, including mTOR and p70S6K, was also attenuated after 7-treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, molecular modeling of 7 docked into 1 binding site of an ARF1–GDP-GEF complex represented well-tolerance. Taken together, 7 had the potential to be served as an effective antileukemia agent or lead compound for further exploration.     

Exogenous application of melatonin improves plant resistance to virus infection

In this study, melatonin (MEL)-mediated plant resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was examined to study local infection in Nicotiana glutinosa and systemic infection in Solanum lycopersicum. Exogenous application of 100 µm MEL increased anti-virus infection activity to 37.4% in virus-infected N. glutinosa plants. The same treatment significantly reduced relative levels of virus RNA analysed by qRT-PCR and virus titres measured by dot-ELISA, and increased the relative expression levels of the PR1 and PR5 genes analysed by qRT-PCR, in virus-infected S. lycopersicum. MEL treatment induced considerable accumulations of salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) but did not significantly affect production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the virus-infected S. lycopersicum plants. Transgenic nahG N. tabacum was used to determine whether MEL-induced TMV resistance was dependent on the SA pathway. The results showed that the relative RNA level of the TMV analysed by qRT-PCR and virus titres analysed by dot-ELISA were not reduced by the MEL treatment in the nahG transgenic N. tabacum seedlings treated twice with 100 µm MEL. The increased relative expression levels of PR1 and PR5 were greatly reduced when cPTIO, an NO scavenger, was included in the MEL treatment. A working model of MEL-mediated plant resistance to TMV is proposed. MEL-mediated plant resistance to viruses provides a new avenue to control plant viral diseases.     

喷头和施药液量对水稻植株上农药沉积和药剂防治效果的影响

为明确喷头及施药液量对水稻植株上农药沉积及药剂防治效果的影响,采用丽春红-G示踪法测定了4种喷头ST11001、ST11002、TR8001、TR8002在不同施药液量条件下喷雾农药在水稻植株上的沉积分布特性,并比较了4种喷头施用相同剂量的40%氯虫苯甲酰胺·噻虫嗪WDG对水稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis和褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens的防治效果。结果表明,选择ST11002和TR8001喷头,在施药液量300 L/hm~2条件下喷雾,单株水稻上的丽春红-G沉积量分别达到27.55μg和28.16μg;选择ST11001和TR8002喷头,在施药液量900 L/hm~2条件下喷雾,单株水稻上的丽春红-G沉积量仅分别为12.27μg和14.86μg。喷头和施药液量的改变不影响水稻植株上农药沉积分布特性,均为上层沉积量中层沉积量下层沉积量。当施药液量从300 L/hm~2增加到900 L/hm~2,4种喷头ST11001、ST11002、TR8001、TR8002喷雾在水稻基部的雾滴密度分别增加了8.21、8.54、7.79和9.69倍;但在相同施药液量下,4种喷头在水稻基部的雾滴密度没有显著差异。同一剂量下,喷头和施药液量不同组合的防治效果间差异显著。表明针对稻田不同防治对象,选择合适的喷头及施药液量将有助于提高农药沉积及防治效果。     

马铃薯块茎淀粉组分高效检测体系的建立及应用

马铃薯块茎淀粉组分(直链/支链淀粉比AM/AP)影响淀粉特性以及决定其在食品和其他工业上的应用.AM/AP的测定对其合理利用以及选育特异淀粉组分的专用品种等具有重要意义.采用96孔板双波长法对马铃薯不同AM/AP比率标准样品进行测试,发现当测试样品AM/AP比率超过制作标准曲线的AM/AP比率(33.3％)时,测试结果...     

卵形鲳鲶消化酶活性的研究I．成鱼和幼鱼消化酶活性在不同消化器官中的分布及其比较

比较研究了卯形鲳够（Trachinotus ovatus）成鱼和幼鱼阶段消化酶（蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶）在不同消化器官中的活性。结果表明：1）成鱼蛋白酶在不同消化器官中的活性大小依次为胃〉前肠〉中肠〉幽门盲囊〉后肠〉肝;淀粉酶活性为前肠〉后肠〉幽门盲囊〉中肠〉肝〉胃;脂肪酶活性为前肠〉中肠〉后肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃。2）幼鱼蛋白酶在不同消化器官中的活性大小依次为胃〉肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝;淀粉酶活性为肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃;脂肪酶活性为肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃。3）成鱼不同消化器官中蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性均小于幼鱼,成鱼胃和幽门盲囊的淀粉酶活性与幼鱼的差异显著;幼鱼胃脂肪酶活性大于成鱼,但其他器官的活性均小于成鱼。卵形鲳鳕幼鱼不同消化器官中的3种消化酶活性大小顺序与成鱼基本相似。