徐州地区烟粉虱发生规律及治理措施初探

通过近2a观察表明,徐州地区烟粉虱在田间消长大致分4个阶段,成虫有4个主要迁移期;其喜干热、耐高湿的生活习性、冬季保护地栽培面积的扩大、外来虫源的传入及防治不力是烟粉虱种群数量累积并引起暴发的主要原因;主要寄主有9科20余种栽培作物;寄主植株上虫量垂直分布:棉花上部>中部>下部,温室蔬菜一般中、下部>上部。可采取严格检疫、清洁田园、轮作换茬、黄板诱杀、覆盖防虫网、保护和利用天敌、药剂防治等措施进行治理。     

菜豆优良种质综合鉴定评价

对`七五 、`八五 期间入国家种质库菜豆资源性状鉴定中表现优良的3 8份菜豆资源进行了两年3试点田间综合鉴定评价,获得了4份矮生、2份蔓生优异材料可供菜豆生产和科研利用.     

利用绿色荧光蛋白GFP研究稻瘟病菌与水稻的互作

稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae严重威胁水稻的产量与质量,明确稻瘟病菌与水稻互作过程及机理,对防治稻瘟病具有重要意义。本研究利用稻瘟病菌常用致病菌株GUY11和ZB25,构建了绿色荧光蛋白GFP的过量表达菌株,并通过荧光显微观察菌株侵染寄主水稻过程中侵染结构的形成与发育,包括孢子萌发、附着胞形成、侵染钉形成、侵染菌丝增殖、坏死斑形成及产孢。另外,通过比较过量表达菌株对稻瘟病高抗水稻和易感水稻的侵染过程,发现侵染过程的差异主要集中于侵染钉的穿透和侵染菌丝的定殖。本研究为分析稻瘟病菌对寄主水稻的定殖规律提供了一种有效工具。     

抗咯菌腈禾谷镰刀菌的紫外诱导及其生物学特性

为评估玉米茎腐病病原菌禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)对咯菌腈的室内抗药性风险,本研究通过室内紫外照射获得抗咯菌腈突变体,分析抗性突变体对咯菌腈的抗药性、遗传稳定性和生物学特性,及其对咯菌腈、戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、嘧菌酯的交互抗性。结果表明,经紫外照射5min,获得17株抗咯菌腈突变体,其对咯菌腈的EC50为72.78~290.09μg/mL,是亲本菌株的4 000~17 000倍;抗性突变频率为1.7×10-6,可稳定遗传;最适生长温度均为25℃,最适pH均为8,与亲本菌株相同;菌落生长速度低于亲本菌株;在含有0.9mmol/L NaCl的PDA培养基中培养的菌落形态与不含NaCl的PDA培养基中的相比,亲本菌株和4号抗性菌株色素沉积减少,而1号和16号抗性菌株色素沉积增加。推测禾谷镰刀菌对咯菌腈存在中等或高等的室内抗药性风险。室内抗药性测定表明抗性突变体对咯菌腈和苯醚甲环唑均产生了抗性。     

苹果apetala2同源基因的克隆和转化研究

 利用同源克隆的方法从苹果的花芽中分离出apetala2的同源基因MAP2。MAP2全长2 212 bp,编码549个氨基酸。分析表明, MAP2具有AP2家族典型的结构域, 是苹果的AP2同源基因。Southern杂交结果表明, MAP2在基因组中以低拷贝形式存在。采用RT-PCR的方法分析MAP2在不同组织中的表达,结果显示, MAP2在苹果营养组织、花芽以及不同花器官中均有表达, 与拟南芥的AP2、矮牵牛的PhAP2A的表达模式一致。为确定MAP2在苹果中的生物学功能, 构建了35S∶MAP2正义表达载体, 并对‘皇家嘎啦’苹果进行了农杆菌介导的遗传转化。     

电力语音充值系统呼叫处理过程的多线程实现

在实现基于电话语音卡方式构建的电力客服呼叫处理过程中,由于系统的高实时性和多路语音通道的并行性,要求多路语音通道必需能够合理地协调并行工作.阐述了在Delphi语言开发环境下,如何实现利用多线程及线程同步技术来处理语音呼叫过程的协调、并行工作的.     

施肥及喷施B Y2和IBA对云南松苗木芽萌发和穗条产量的影响

对2年生云南松实生苗统一截顶后,采用L9（34）正交设计进行施肥、喷施B Y2和IBA溶液的试验,分析不同组合对穗条产量等的影响。结果表明：试验进行90d时,平均萌芽数和新枝数为132~187芽/株和44~97枝/株。180d时,不同组合的平均单株穗条产量和枝条成穗率为26~59条/株和139%~522%,影响2项指标的主导因子是B Y2,其理论优水平组合为每株施有机肥005kg和喷施40×107CFU/mL的B Y2溶液。有机肥可促进萌芽和穗条产量的提高;IBA促进萌芽和枝条的生长,但抑制萌芽形成枝条;B Y2可提高穗条的产量。培育地径粗壮的无蹲苗的壮苗是提高云南松穗条产量的关键;同时,2年生的苗木,在养分充分满足其生长的前提下,喷施40×107CFU/mL的B Y2溶液也可增加穗条产量。     

昆明市林地及林木资源消涨动态研究

根据调查的精度要求,在1:25 000地形图随机确定起点后,按样地的间距依次进行调查。利用GPS对样地进行定位,采用角规控制检尺方法进行蓄积量调查,分析间隔期林地及林木资源的变化特点。结果表明：有林地面积增加79 826.9 hm²,增幅达8.82%;疏林地面积减少4 921.7 hm²,降低了69.75%;灌木林地面积减少14 985.6 hm²,降低了7.78%;未成林造林地面积增加65 450.9 hm²,增幅达202.44%;无立木林地面积增加18 679.1 hm²,增幅达121.92%;宜林地面积减少48 565.2 hm²,降低了53.91%。苗圃地面积减少442.8 hm²,降低了42.94%;辅助生产林地面积增加47.3 hm²,增幅达52.61%。活立木蓄积量增加增加15 191 860 m³,增幅达37.61%。有林地蓄积量增加15 184 910 m³,增幅达38.53%。疏林地蓄积量减少35 870 m³,降低了58.90%;四旁树蓄积量减少52 980 m³;散生木蓄积量增加83 980 m³。     

Purification and Identification of Peptides from Oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) Protein Enzymatic Hydrolysates and Their Anti-Skin Photoaging Effects on UVB-Irradiated HaCaT Cells

This study aimed to purify and identify antiphotoaging peptides from oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) protein enzymatic hydrolysates (OPEH) and to investigate the possible mechanism underlying its antiphotoaging effect. Multiple methods (Ultrafiltration, G25 Chromatography, RP-HPLC, and LC/MS/MS) had been used for this purpose, and eventually, two peptides, including WNLNP and RKNEVLGK, were identified. Particularly, WNLNP exerted remarkable antiphotoaging effect on the UVB-irradiated HaCaT photoaged cell model in a dose-dependent manner. WNLNP exerted its protective effect mainly through inhibiting ROS production, decreasing MMP-1 expression, but increasing extracellular pro-collagen I content. Furthermore, WNLNP downregulated p38, JNK, ERK, and p65 phosphorylation in the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuated bax over-expressions but reversed bcl-2 reduction in UVB- irradiated HaCaT cells. The molecular docking analysis showed that WNLNP forms five and seven hydrogen bonds with NF-κB (p65) and MMP-1, respectively. This study suggested that a pentapeptide WNLNP isolated from OPEH had great potential to prevent and regulate skin photoaging.     

Design and Synthesis of Novel Phenylahistin Derivatives Based on Co-Crystal Structures as Potent Microtubule Inhibitors for Anti-Cancer Therapy

Phenylahistin is a naturally occurring marine product with a diketopiperazine structure that can bind to the colchicine site of microtubulin as a possible anticancer agent. To develop more potent microtubule inhibitors, novel phenylahistin derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the co-crystal complexes of phenylahistin derivatives and microtubulin. We established a focused library of imidazole-type molecules for the introduction of different groups to the C-ring and A-ring of phenylahistin. Structure–activity relationship studies indicated that appropriate hydrocarbon substituents and unsaturated alkenyl substituents at the 1-position of the imidazole group are important for improving the activity of such compounds. In addition, this study found that propylamine groups could maintain the activity of these compounds, as exemplified by compound 16d (IC₅₀ = 5.38 nM, NCI-H460). Compound 15p (IC₅₀ = 1.03 nM, NCI-H460) with an allyl group exhibited potent cytotoxic activity at the nanomolar level against human lung cancer cell lines. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that compound 15p could efficiently inhibited microtubule polymerization and induced a high expression of caspase-3. 15p also displayed good pharmacokinetic characteristics in vitro. Additionally, the growth of H22 transplanted tumors was significantly inhibited in BALB/c mice when 15p alone was administered at 4 mg/kg, and the tumor inhibition rate was as much as 65%. Importantly, the continuous administration of 15p resulted in a lower toxicity than that of docetaxel (10 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg). Overall, the novel allyl-imidazole-diketopiperazine-type derivatives could be considered safe and effective potential agents for cancer treatment.