黄果类山楂新品种大黄红子、小黄红子选育研究

黄果类山楂属于稀有品种,大黄红子和小黄红子山楂是在果树资源考察时发现并培育而成.大黄红子果大,百果重1 020 g(克),含可溶性糖10.2%,可食率84.7%,香甜微酸,适于生食和加工.小黄红子果个较小,百果重329 g(克),总黄酮含量1.013%,是一般山楂品种的3倍以上,为珍贵的药用品种资源.     

秸秆氨化与精料添加对羔羊生产性能的影响

本文报道了小麦秸氨化与精料添加对羔羊生产性能影响的研究结果。麦秸氨化提高了羔羊日增重、秸秆与日粮进食量及精料转化效率,但其提高幅度随日粮精料添加量的提高而减小。提高日粮精料添加水平,羔羊日增重与日粮绝对进食量提高,但精料转化效率在氨化与未氨化组呈不同规律变化:未氨化组持续提高,氨化组呈二次曲线规律变化,且“精料/增重”比最低的日粮精料水平为45％。     

短花针茅草地几种牧草利用率的确定

在短花针茅荒漠草原，利用高度一重量百分比方法确定了13种牧草的利用率。结果表明：对于大多数牧草消耗高度占总高度的50%，重量的消耗仅20%～30%；当牧草消耗高度80%时，牧草的利用率为70%。在利用率确定的情况下，可推导出各种牧草的适宜留茬高度。     

Research Progress of Fatty Acid Regulation of microRNAs in Dairy Cow Mammary Glands

Lipids are a kind of substance which can store and provide energy for animals. A large number of studies have confirmed that the change of lipids in diets can alter the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and thus affect the biological activities of the bodies. This review mainly summarizes the regulation of fatty acids on the expression of miRNAs in mammary gland of dairy cows, from the aspects of bovine mammary miRNAs expression characteristics, miRNAs that regulate milk fat synthesis, and the changed bovine mammary miRNAs in response to exogenous addition of fatty acids. All these works may be beneficial for the establishment of the connection between nutrients and mammary function, and provide information for the related research in the future.     

Zebrafish Dpr2 inhibits mesoderm induction by promoting degradation of nodal receptors

Nodal proteins, members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) superfamily, have been identified as key endogenous mesoderm inducers in vertebrates. Precise control of Nodal signaling is essential for normal development of embryos. Here, we report that zebrafish dapper2 (dpr2) is expressed in mesoderm precursors during early embryogenesis and is positively regulated by Nodal signals. In vivo functional studies in zebrafish suggest that Dpr2 suppresses mesoderm induction activities of Nodal signaling. Dpr2 is localized in late endosomes, binds to the TGFbeta receptors ALK5 and ALK4, and accelerates lysosomal degradation of these receptors.     

A serological survey of Akabane virus infection in cattle and sheep in northwest China

Purpose

Akabane disease characterized mainly by fetal damage is a ruminant disease caused by insect-transmitted Akabane virus infection.

Methods

We investigated Akabane disease using serum neutralization tests in 446 blood samples collected from 187 cattle and 259 sheep of Xinjiang province, northwest China.

Results

(1) The overall prevalence rate of neutralizing antibody was 19.06?% (85/446), (2) the prevalence rates of Akabane disease in cattle and sheep were 20.32?% (38/187) and 18.15?% (47/259), respectively, (3) the disease prevalence rates were not significantly different between cattle and sheep, but significantly different among samples collected from different sampling months, (4) the disease was most prevalent in July when mosquitoes and culicoides were most active, and (5) the disease prevalence rates were significantly different between individuals with abortion experience and without abortion experience (P?<?0.05), suggesting that Akabane virus infection may significantly increase abortion risk in cattle and sheep.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming that Akabane virus infection is common in cattle and sheep of Xinjiang province, northwest China and providing useful epidemiological information for cattle and sheep abortion prevention and control.     

Cryptosporidium spp. in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in Henan, China: molecular characterization and public health significance

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was investigated in scale quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) farms in Henan Province, China between September 2006 and August 2007. One thousand eight hundred and eighteen fecal samples from 47 quail farms in five areas were collected for the examination of Cryptosporidium oocysts. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 13.1% (95% CI 13.1±1.6%) (29 of 47 farms), with 72-100-day-old quails having the highest prevalence (23.6%, 95% CI 23.6±2.6%) (χ(2)=64.91; ρ<0.01). The highest prevalence was observed in autumn (21.8%, 95% CI 21.8±3.1%) and the lowest in winter (χ(2)=74.83; ρ<0.01). Two hundred and thirty-nine Cryptosporidium-positive samples were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, and 42 were further analyzed by DNA sequencing of the PCR products. Two Cryptosporidium species were identified, Cryptosporidium baileyi in 237 birds on 29 farms, and potentially zoonotic Cryptosporidium meleagridis in only two birds on two farms. These findings may suggest that quails are not a major source of zoonotic Cryptosporidium in the study area.     

基于高密度SNP芯片技术对中国西门塔尔牛SCD1基因与肉质性状的相关性分析

试验借助高密度SNP芯片技术在整个基因组范围内对223头中国西门塔尔牛群体进行基因分型,在SCD1基因上发现7个SNPs位点,对各SNP位点与西门塔尔牛肉质性状进行相关性分析。结果表明,SCD1基因的7个SNPs位点均与大理石花纹等级显著相关(P<0.05或P<0.01);A10050C、A13655G、C14790T和A15565G4个位点对剪切力影响显著(P<0.05);位点A13655G对肌内脂肪含量影响显著(P<0.05);位点A10050C、C14790T、A15565G不同基因型个体间脂肪颜色差异显著(P<0.05)。单体型分析结果显示,7个SNPs位点共构成6种单体型和14种单体型组合。单体型组合H3H6与高肌内脂肪含量极显著相关(P<0.01);单体型组合H6H6与优质大理石花纹极显著相关(P<0.01);单体型组合H4H6与高剪切力值显著相关(P<0.05);各单体型组合对肉色和脂肪颜色影响不显著。