Enhancing the mineral and vitamin content of wheat and maize through plant breeding

More than half of the world's population suffers micronutrient undernourishment. The main sources of vitamins and minerals (iron, zinc, and vitamin A) for low-income rural and urban populations are staple foods of plant origin that often contain low levels or low bioavailability of these micronutrients. Biofortification aims to develop micronutrient-enhanced crop varieties through conventional plant breeding. HarvestPlus, the CGIAR's biofortification initiative, seeks to breed and disseminate crop varieties with enhanced micronutrient content that can improve the nutrition of the “hard to reach” (by fortification or supplementation programmes) rural and urban poor in targeted countries/regions. In attempting to enhance micronutrient levels in maize and wheat through conventional plant breeding, it is important to identify genetic resources with high levels of the targeted micronutrients, to consider the heritability of the targeted traits, to explore the availability of high throughput screening tools and to gain a better understanding of genotype by environment interactions. Biofortified maize and wheat varieties must have the trait combinations which encourage adoption such as high yield potential, disease resistance, and consumer acceptability. When defining breeding strategies and targeting micronutrient levels, researchers need to consider the desired micronutrient increases, food intake and retention and bioavailability as they relate to food processing, anti-nutritional factors and promoters. Finally, ex ante studies are required to quantify the burden of micronutrient deficiency and the potential of biofortification to achieve a significant improvement in human micronutrient status in the deficient target population in order to determine whether a biofortification program is cost-effective.     

鹿茸对雌性小鼠生殖功能的影响

目的本试验旨在探究鹿茸对雌性小鼠生殖功能的影响。方法雌性昆明小鼠48只随机分为空白对照组以及3mg/kg低剂量组、6mg/kg中剂量组和12mg/kg高剂量组,连续经口灌胃鹿茸14d。结果高剂量组小鼠的雌二醇水平、性器官脏器指数显著高于空白对照组;中剂量组和高剂量组小鼠的子宫外径显著高于空白对照组。结论灌胃给药12mg/kg鹿茸时,可使雌二醇含量增高,促进雌性器官生长发育,增强雌性昆明小鼠生殖功能。     

在原则与灵活中求发展——对译者任务的探讨

译者的理想境界应达到从心所欲不逾矩,"矩"体现原则性,"从心所欲"则体现灵活性。译者需要在主观与客观之间进行调和取舍,以客观制约主观,主观把握客观,从而通过语言信息的交流达到文化信息的交流,以实现翻译的目的。     

精准变量施肥机的研制与试验

该文针对传统均匀施肥，没有考虑土壤肥力不一致的特点，介绍了一种可与国产拖拉机配套实现变量施肥的施肥机，该施肥机在GPS导航系统的帮助下可以按照预先设计的处方图实现变量施肥。机械采用国产的普通外槽轮作为变量施肥机的肥料计量装置，通过调整外槽轮的转动速度达到调整肥料量的目的。对变量施肥机械在田间的作业原理和机械的基本结构进行了详尽的介绍。针对变量施肥机施用肥料的种类不同，试验了在不同槽轮转速情况下，使用不同肥料排肥数量的变化情况。试验证明在施用尿素时要增加槽轮的排肥槽长度，在施用磷酸二铵等不规则的肥料时，应力求减少排肥槽轮的长度，通过增加槽轮转速达到提高排肥计量系统的精度。     

冲击作用下粘性土壤破碎体的分形维数与影响因

给出冲击破碎分析的两倍尺度控制约定,研究粘结态土壤破碎体生成的影响因素,建立了土壤破碎体分形维数与落锤质量、冲击行程、土壤含水率、破碎比能之间的关系.结果表明,土壤破碎体的分形维数与落锤质量及冲击行程没有联系,但分形维数与土壤含水率及破碎比能具有明显的相关性.另外,通过比较得知土壤在冲击作用下的破碎体分形维数远远低于植被土样的分形维数.     

激光控制平地系统激光接收器设计与试

激光接收器是激光控制平地系统的关键部分.为了更有效地检测激光信号,扩大接收范围,增加接收距离,提高稳定性和抗干扰性,设计了一种基于集成IC的新型激光接收器.其原理是以红色有机玻璃作为透光窗口,并采用干涉型滤光片来滤除背景光;以硅光电池作为光电探测器,将激光信号转换为电信号;然后采用集成运算放大器设计低噪声前置放大器和主放大器对微弱电信号进行放大;最后,脉冲整形和展宽电路实现脉冲信号到TTL数字信号的转换,以方便后续电路的处理.田间试验结果表明,激光接收器在150m范围内可实现360°全方位稳定工作,垂直工作范围为28.4cm左右,将其用于平地作业时农田的平整误差小于2cm.     

上虞市松材线虫病综合防治与思考

上虞市自2004年发生松材线虫病以来积极采取各种防治措施,包括枯死松树全面清理下山,疫木经热处理生产工艺进行除害处理和安全利用,实施松材线虫病除治林相改造工程,挂诱捕器、设饵木消杀松墨天牛等。几年下来除治效果显现,松材线虫病已得到有效控制。     

秋水仙碱处理莱芜小姜与莱芜大姜诱变效应比较

以莱芜小姜和莱芜大姜为试材,采用秋水仙碱处理生姜幼芽根茎,分析了莱芜小姜与莱芜大姜后代各性状的抑制率、变异类型及突变率。结果表明:莱芜小姜VM1代性状的抑制率小于莱芜大姜;莱芜小姜的变异类型多于莱芜大姜;莱芜小姜获得的有益变异类型多、比例高且稳定性好。说明秋水仙碱处理密苗型莱芜小姜更容易获得高产稳定的变异类型。     

Distribution of water-stable aggregates under soil tillage practices in a black soil hillslope cropland in Northeast China

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil aggregates are the basic units of soil structure. Water-stable aggregates (WSAs) are greatly influenced by tillage practices. The main objective of our study...