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61.
Flavonoid constituents of Chorizanthe diffusa with potential cancer chemopreventive activity 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Chung HS Chang LC Lee SK Shamon LA van Breemen RB Mehta RG Farnsworth NR Pezzuto JM Kinghorn AD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(1):36-41
An ethyl acetate-soluble extract of Chorizanthe diffusa was found to exhibit significant antioxidant activity, as judged by scavenging stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced free radical formation with cultured HL-60 cells. Bioassay-directed fractionation of this extract using the DPPH antioxidant assay as a monitor led to the isolation of five structurally related flavonoids (1-5), including the novel compound 5,8,3',4',5'-pentahydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyflavone (1). Isolates 1-5 demonstrated varying degrees of antioxidant or antimutagenic activity. Two of the compounds, 5,7,3', 4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone (2) and quercetin (4), were subsequently found to inhibit carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions in a mouse mammary organ culture model. Inhibitory activity of this type is known to correlate with cancer chemopreventive effects in full-term models of tumorigenesis. 相似文献
62.
Loss of pendimethalin in runoff and leaching from turfgrass land under simulated rainfall 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A field study was undertaken to investigate runoff and leaching loss of the herbicide pendimethalin in turfgrass land of loamy sand soil. A series of plots constructed in a golf course fairway were surface-applied with pendimethalin SC formulation at the rate of 2. 25 or 4.50 kg a.i./ha and subjected to simulated rainfall at 2.0 cm/day for 10 consecutive days. Runoff losses of pendimethalin were the highest at the first rainfall and then gradually decreased with time. The first runoff event contained pendimethalin in its highest concentration, and in subsequent runoff samples the concentration decreased exponentially. The ranges of pendimethalin concentration were 80.9-18.2 and 177.4-48.6 microgram/L in the standard and double doses, respectively. Total losses by 20 cm of rainfall for 10 days reached 0.81 and 1.22% of the initial deposits at 2.25 and 4.50 kg a. i./ha, respectively. Pendimethalin concentration in the leachate collected at 30-cm soil depth was quite lower than that in the runoff, and the concentration rapidly decreased from 4.3-4.7 to 0. 2-0.4 microgram/L during the 10 days of rainfall treatment. Soil residue analysis at 45 and 90 days after pendimethalin treatment showed that more than 90% of the residue remained at the top 10 cm of soil depth. Low runoff and leaching confirmed that lateral and downward movement of the herbicide should be limited in turf soil. The half-life of pendimethalin under field conditions was 23-30 days and was not affected by application dose and rainfall treatment, but longer persistence was observed under laboratory conditions. Considering low runoff and leaching, as well as relatively short persistence in soil, it is concluded that little environmental carryover of pendimethalin would be expected in turfgrass land. 相似文献
63.
猪流行性腹泻病毒山西分离株ORF3基因序列分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究山西地区猪流行性腹泻病毒ORF3基因的遗传变异情况,2014-2015年从山西地区11个地市收集的PEDV阳性病料中扩增到4株PEDV的ORF3基因,并进行序列比对及遗传分析。序列分析结果表明,4株PEDV山西分离毒株的ORF3基因与CV777毒株相比,无核苷酸插入和缺失,有部分核苷酸及氨基酸发生变异;4株PEDV山西分离毒株的ORF3基因之间核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为99.6%~100.0%和98.7%~99.6%,与CV777、疫苗株CV777 truncated和attenuated DR13核苷酸同源性分别为96.6%~97.0%,90.6%,97.6%~98.1%,氨基酸同源性分别为95.1%~96.0%,88.0%,97.1%~98.1%。遗传进化分析结果显示,4株PEDV山西分离毒株与12株2010-2015年我国各地方分离的毒株和2009年分离的CH/JL/09毒株亲缘关系较近;与CV777、LZC、Brl/87和2个疫苗株(CV777truncated和attenuated DR13)亲缘关系较远。 相似文献
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Olivier M Aggarwal A Allen J Almendras AA Bajorek ES Beasley EM Brady SD Bushard JM Bustos VI Chu A Chung TR De Witte A Denys ME Dominguez R Fang NY Foster BD Freudenberg RW Hadley D Hamilton LR Jeffrey TJ Kelly L Lazzeroni L Levy MR Lewis SC Liu X Lopez FJ Louie B Marquis JP Martinez RA Matsuura MK Misherghi NS Norton JA Olshen A Perkins SM Perou AJ Piercy C Piercy M Qin F Reif T Sheppard K Shokoohi V Smick GA Sun WL Stewart EA Fernando J Tejeda Tran NM Trejo T Vo NT Yan SC Zierten DL Zhao S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5507):1298-1302
We have constructed a physical map of the human genome by using a panel of 90 whole-genome radiation hybrids (the TNG panel) in conjunction with 40,322 sequence-tagged sites (STSs) derived from random genomic sequences as well as expressed sequences. Of 36,678 STSs on the TNG radiation hybrid map, only 3604 (9.8%) were absent from the unassembled draft sequence of the human genome. Of 20,030 STSs ordered on the TNG map as well as the assembled human genome draft sequence and the Celera assembled human genome sequence, 36% of the STSs had a discrepant order between the working draft sequence and the Celera sequence. The TNG map order was identical to one of the two sequence orders in 60% of these discrepant cases. 相似文献
67.
水稻温敏型叶色突变体是研究植物光合作用、叶绿体结构和功能以及温度影响叶绿体发育的理想材料。利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变籼型水稻(OryzasativaL.)三系保持系西农1B,从其后代中筛选到一个突变性状稳定遗传的温敏型叶片白化转绿突变体tsa2 (temperature-sensitive green-revertible albino 2)。与野生型相比, tsa2突变表型受温度影响, 22°C条件下萌发的野生型幼苗表型正常,而tsa2幼苗完全白化,且约40%白化苗死亡,存活白化苗的光合色素含量、光合速率均显著降低,成熟期主要农艺性状均显著变劣;在28°C下萌发的tsa2幼苗叶片呈浅绿色并伴有白条纹,其光合色素含量显著降低,光合速率及主要农艺性状差异较小; 32°C下萌发的tsa2幼苗叶片无明显差异。透射电镜观察显示,与野生型相比,tsa2在22°C下叶肉细胞中无叶绿体或存在异常发育叶绿体(尚未分化出基粒和基层),在28°C下部分叶肉细胞含少量发育完整的叶绿体,在32°C下叶肉细胞数量及形态均正常。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析表明,与野生型相比,tsa2突变体中部分光合色素代谢途径基因、叶绿体发育相关基因及光合作用相关基因的表达水平呈不同程度变化。遗传分析表明, tsa2突变表型受一对隐性核基因控制, TSA2被定位于第5染色体SSR标记S5-57和S5-119之间,物理距离为718 kb。本研究为水稻遗传改良及研究温度影响叶绿体发育机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
68.
Chung Yong Suk Silva Renato Rodrigues Park Minwoo Lee Sanghyeob 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2019,22(1):17-20
Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - The ionizing radiation methods, including X-rays, gamma rays, and neutrons to create variation is well established and used in major crops. Many... 相似文献
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为探明聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)施用后对燕麦不同生育阶段水分利用的影响,在长城沿线旱作丘陵区,设置6个处理,分别为对照(CK)、PAM施用一年(M1)、PAM连续施用二年(M2)、PAM连续施用三年(M3)、PAM连续施用四年(M4)、PAM连续施用五年(M5),通过大田试验,研究PAM施用不同年限对燕麦不同生育阶段的土壤保水、燕麦耗水特征、水分利用效率等特性的影响。结果表明,施用PAM提高了燕麦田不同生育阶段0~60cm土层的土壤含水量,促进了燕麦生物量的积累,降低了燕麦总耗水量,提高了燕麦产量和水分利用效率。各处理中,M4和M5处理的土壤含水量及贮水量均高于其他处理,而总耗水量最低,差异均显著(P0.05);M1、M2处理的多数被测指标与CK无显著差异。苗期0~10cm、拔节期10~20cm、抽穗期20~40cm、灌浆期0~10cm、成熟期10~20cm和40~60cm土层土壤含水量对产量的影响最大。各生育阶段,除播种-苗期及抽穗-灌浆期外,M5处理耗水量均显著低于M4处理。M4处理的经济效益和水分利用效率均最高,较对照分别增加35.67%和3.67kg·hm~(-2)·mm~(-1)。综合考虑产量、经济效益、水分利用效率,燕麦旱作地区应连续4年施用聚丙烯酰胺。 相似文献