Dot-ELISA检测猪胴体中沙门氏菌的研究

应用Dot-ELISA法对西宁某猪屠宰点 85份猪胴体进行了沙门氏菌的检测 ,同时采用常规分离培养鉴定技术作对照实验。结果在 85份肉样中 ,Dot-ELISA检出沙门氏菌阳性 6 5份 ,阳性率为 76 .4 7% (6 5 /85 ) ;而常规分离培养鉴定技术检出沙门氏菌阳性 6 7份 ,阳性率为 78.82 % (6 7/85 ) ,此两种方法的阳性符合率为 86 .5 7%。经统计分析 ,两种方法差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

Genotypic prevalence of the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence in Escherichia coli isolates in pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea in Korea

A total of 1002 Escherichia coli strains isolated from pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea on 1114 swine farms were screened for the presence of the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA) gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Escherichia coli isolates that carried AIDA genes were also tested by PCR for the detection of five fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18 and F41), heat-stable (STa, STb) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin, enteroaggregative E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1), and Shiga toxin 2 oedema disease (Stx2e) genes. Twenty-three (2.3%) of the 1002 E. coli isolates carried the gene for AIDA. Among 23 isolates shown to carry genes for AIDA, three carried the AIDA gene as the only shown virulence factor. Other isolates carried other virulence factor genes in addition to AIDA. Four isolates carried genes for at least one of the fimbrial adhesins and enterotoxins. Sixteen isolates carried genes for enterotoxins only. The AIDA may represent an additional virulence determinant in pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea.     

Functional analysis and induction of four novel goose (Anser cygnoides) avian β-defensins in response to salmonella enteritidis infection

In the current study, four novel avian β-defensins (AvBDs) (AvBD2, 5, 9, and 10) were identified in tissues from the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides). The antibacterial activity of the AvBDs showed that all of these AvBDs exhibited antibacterial activity against most of the bacteria investigated (P<0.01). In addition, antibacterial activity of all of the AvBDs against Staphylococcus aureus and Pasteurella multocida decreased significantly or was completely abolished at 150mM NaCl (P<0.01). None of the AvBDs showed hemolytic activity. AvBD2 and AvBD10 were expressed widely, whereas AvBD5 and AvBD9 mRNAs were expressed in a limited number of geese tissues. AvBD9 was significantly induced in some immune tissues from geese after Salmonella enteritidis infection. The others were significantly upregulated in small intestine and some immune tissues of the geese (P<0.01). The present results suggest that the AvBDs are part of the host defense mechanism of the goose.     

几种重要饲草的脂肪酸成分分析

对紫花苜蓿、苇状羊茅、鸭茅、无芒雀麦等12个饲草样品进行了脂肪酸含量的测定,并与豆油、菜籽油和棉籽油等植物油脂肪酸成分进行了比较。结果表明,饲草中的脂肪酸以亚麻酸为主,亚油酸次之,其它脂肪酸很少。植物油中的脂肪酸以油酸和亚油酸为主,亚麻酸很少。以饲草为主配合少量植物油饲喂奶牛有利于乳脂中共轭亚油酸的合成。     

2007～2008年国际反刍动物营养研究进展 Ⅴ.脂肪(酸)营养

反刍动物产品如牛奶,牛、羊肉等,是人类重要的膳食组成,其脂肪品质及脂肪酸组成与人体健康密切相关,如何合理调控反刍动物脂肪代谢过程,优化饲养模式,改善产品脂肪品质是反刍动物脂类营养研究的关键问题。作者对2007～2008年反刍动物脂类营养研究进展作一简要综述。国内的研究热点主要集中于脂肪酸代谢通路的研究、补充脂肪（脂肪酸）对反刍动物生产性能及产品脂肪酸组成的影响和瘤胃惰性脂肪的应用研究。而国外反刍动物营养脂类研究中除了上述3点外还对乳腺脂肪酸代谢调控和瘤胃后脂肪酸消化、吸收方面有较深入的研究。     

IOHEXOL AND IOPAMIDOL MYELOGRAPHY IN THE DOG: A CLINICAL TRIAL COMPARING ADVERSE EFFECTS AND MYELOGRAPHIC QUALITY

In a blind clinical trial, adverse effects after iohexol and iopamidol myelography were evaluated in 151 dogs. Eighty-one dogs were given iohexol (240 mgI/ml) and 70 dogs were given iopamidol (200 mgI/ml) by pre-determined assignment. Each dog was evaluated postmyelographically for seizures, hyperthermia, prolonged recovery from anesthesia and intensification of pre-existing neural signs. Myelographic quality was evaluated with a subjective scoring method. In comparing iohexol and iopamidol groups, there was not a statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects or in myelographic quality. Iopamidol and iohexol appeared to be equally efficacious for routine canine myelography.     

血清中不同甘露(聚)糖结合凝集素浓度的绵羊感染绵羊肺炎支原体后免疫因子表达的变化

为研究中国美利奴羊不同甘露(聚)糖结合凝集素(MBL)浓度感染绵羊肺炎支原体(MO)的免疫因子水平变化,本研究选择血清中MBL高、低浓度的绵羊各6只(感染组和对照组各3只),感染组人工感染MO,分别在人工感染前和感染后不同时间,采用荧光定量PCR法检测血液中血清因子及补体表达水平。结果显示,不同MBL浓度的绵羊人工感染后MBL m RNA水平呈下降趋势,MBL高浓度促炎因子IL-2和IFN-γ的m RNA表达水平较高,抗炎因子IL-4的m RNA表达水平在感染后1 d升高,此后开始下降,而IL-4的m RNA水平在14 d后有所升高;MBL低浓度羊感染后其TNF-α的m RNA水平显著升高,随炎症的缓解,逐渐降低;补体C1和C3的m RNA在感染后表现出不同的变化,MO感染可以激活补体途径。本研究结果表明,低血清MBL浓度与绵羊支原体肺炎具有一定的相关性,MBL不同浓度组之间其IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α、IFN-γ、补体C1、C3水平存在差异,低浓度MBL的绵羊更易发生比较严重的炎症反应。     

亚急性铜、镉暴露对鲤肝脏Hsp60表达的影响

试验通过实时定量PCR和Western blot技术,检测重金属铜、镉单一及联合急性暴露后鲤肝脏中Hsp60基因和蛋白水平。鲤随机分为7组,两个Cu2+处理组(0.05 mg/l和0.1 mg/l),两个镉处理组(0.63 mg/l和1.26 mg/l),两个混合处理组(0.045 mg/l和0.09 mg/l)和对照组。结果表明铜、镉单一及联合急性暴露对鲤有毒性作用,经过96 h的暴露,除混合低浓度组之外,其余各组肝脏中Hsp60基因表达水平显著提高(P0.05)。受重金属暴露的影响,初期鲤肝脏中Hsp60蛋白水平下降,随着时间推移,蛋白水平逐渐上升,混合低浓度组显著高于对照组水平(P0.05)。     

“养蚕欢二号”对家蚕病原体的消毒效果

蚕用消毒药“养蚕欢二号”是“养蚕欢”液荆的换代产品,由次氯酸盐等多种有效成分蛆成的复合消毒粉剂.用“养蚕欢二号”0.2%~0．5%的水剂或粉剂消毒蚕宣,蚕具或蚕体、蚕座,对家蚕病毒病、真菌病,微粒子病、猝倒病等防治效果迭93.3%~100%.养蚕欢二号按规定剂量使用对家蚕的发育及体质无影响.     

2015—2016年天津市对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒感染调查

为了解天津市对虾养殖病害情况,2015—2016年从天津市的汉沽区、大港区、宁河区、静海区、津南区、西青区等对虾养殖主产区,采集养殖对虾及饵料生物等样品,应用PCR法进行对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒（IHHNV）检测。2015年共检测样品186份,IHHNV阳性率为16.13%;2016年检测样品340份,IHHNV阳性率为11.76%。在凡纳滨对虾的仔虾、幼虾、中成虾中均可检出IHHNV,2015年的阳性率分别为10.88%、27.27%、37.50%,2016年分别是4.63%、22.00%、28.30%,呈下降趋势。中成虾养殖阶段的IHHNV阳性率最高,仔虾阶段的最低。本研究对天津市对虾IHHNV综合防控措施的制定提供了参考。