Malignant glomus tumour in a German shepherd dog

A solitary mass, 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm × 2.0 cm in size, was found in the subcutis adjacent to the ischial tuberosity of an 8-year-old male German shepherd dog. The excised mass was not encapsulated and the cut surface was solid, grey–white and had multiple red areas suggestive of haemorrhage. Microscopically, the neoplasm was composed of epithelioid cells interspersed with venous vessels of various sizes and irregular bundles of spindle-shaped tumour cells with mucinous stroma. The nuclei showed anisokaryosis and many mitotic figures were noted. Immunohistochemically, the majority of tumour cells were positive for alpha smooth-muscle actin and vimentin, but negative for cytokeratin, desmin, S-100 and factor VIII-related antigen. Ultrastructurally, the tumour cells contained irregular nuclei, few mitochondria, few rough endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic myofilaments of intermediate density, pinocytotic vesicles and distinct basal lamina. Based on these pathological findings, the diagnosis was malignant glomus tumour.     

模拟增温和降水调控对土壤微生物碳氮、群落基质利用模式及群落组成的短期影响

Soil microorganisms are major drivers of soil carbon(C) cycling;however,the response of these microorganisms to climate change remains unclear.In the present study,we investigated how 18 months of multifactor climate treatments(warmed air temperature by 3℃ and decreased or increased precipitation manipulation by 30%) affected soil microbial biomass C and nitrogen(N),community substrate utilization patterns,and community composition.Decreased and increased precipitation significantly reduced microbial biomass C by 13.5% and 24.9% and microbial biomass N by 22.9% and 17.6% in unwarmed plots,respectively(P0.01).Warming enhanced community substrate utilization by 89.8%,20.4%,and 141.4% in the natural,decreased,and increased precipitation plots,respectively.Particularly,warming significantly enhanced the utilization of amine and carboxylic acid substrates among all precipitation manipulation plots.Compared with the natural air temperature with natural precipitation treatment,other treatments affected fungal community richness by -0.9% to 33.6% and reduced the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial and fungal groups by 0.5% to 6.8% and 4.3% to 10.7%,respectively.The warming and/or precipitation manipulation treatments significantly altered Zygomycota abundance(P0.05).Our results indicate that climate change drivers and their interactions may cause changes in soil microbial biomass C and N,community substrate utilization patterns,and community composition,particularly for the fungal community,and shifts in the microorganism community may further shape the ecosystems function.     

Responses of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) seedlings to nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium†

The growth response to fertilizer under different soil texture (light clayey soil and composite soil consisting of the light clayey soil and sand), and the timing of N fertilization (early summer and fall fertilization) were determined for annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds., var. Penncross) in glasshouse experiments. At the three‐leaf stage, both plant species were treated with 30, 100, 300, 1,000, 3000 or 10 000 p.p.m. (w/v) of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O equivalent to ammonium sulfate (N), calcium superphosphate (P) and potassium chloride (K). Three weeks after fertilization, the dry weight of shoots or roots was measured. Both plant species were more sensitive to N than to P or K; however, creeping bentgrass required a higher rate of N (1000 p.p.m.) for maximum shoot and root growth than did the weed (300 p.p.m., N). Shoot growth of both plant species was strongly affected by the timing of N fertilization and soil texture; their shoot responses to N increased in the order: composite soil > light clayey soil, and early summer N fertilization > fall N fertilization, and this tendency was especially marked for creeping bentgrass. These results suggest that the response of annual bluegrass to fertilizer is similar to that of creeping bentgrass; however, the two plants are different in regard to the N requirement or their relationship between response to N and application timing and/or soil texture.     

A pathological study of the salivary glands of rabid dogs in the Philippines

Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus. While the salivary glands are important as exit and propagation sites for the rabies virus, the mechanisms of rabies excretion remain unclear. Here, we investigated the histopathology of the salivary glands of rabid dogs and analyzed the mechanism of excretion into the oral cavity. Mandibular and parotid glands of 22 rabid dogs and three control dogs were used. Mild to moderate non-suppurative sialadenitis was observed in the mandibular glands of 19 of the 22 dogs, characterized by loss of acinar epithelium and infiltration by lymphoplasmacytic cells. Viral antigens were detected in the mucous acinar epithelium, ganglion neurons and myoepithelium. Acinar epithelium and lymphocytes were positive for anti-caspase-3 antibodies and TUNEL staining. In contrast, no notable findings were observed in the ductal epithelial cells and serous demilune. In the parotid gland, the acinar cells, myoepithelium and ductal epithelium all tested negative. These findings confirmed the path through which the rabies virus descends along the facial nerve after proliferation in the brain to reach the ganglion neurons of the mandibular gland, subsequently traveling to the acinar epithelium via the salivary gland myoepithelium. Furthermore, the observation that nerve endings passing through the myoepithelium were absent from the ductal system suggested that viral proliferation and cytotoxicity could not occur there, ensuring that secretions containing the virus are efficiently excreted into the oral cavity.     

Surveillance of classical swine fever in wild boar in South Korea from 2010–2014

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious systemic hemorrhagic viral disease of pigs. Wild boar plays a crucial role in the epidemiology of CSF. Between 2010 and 2014, samples were collected nationwide from 6,654 wild boars hunted in South Korea. Anti-CSF antibodies were identified in 0.59% (39 of 6,654) of the wild boar samples using a virus neutralization test and were primarily detected in wild boars living close to the demilitarized zone and the area of the Taebaek Mountains surroundings. The CSF virus (subgroup 2.1b) was isolated from two wild boars captured in a nearby border area. The criteria used to define high-risk areas for targeted CSF surveillance in South Korea should be further expanded to include other regions nationwide.     

韩国牡蛎生产与贸易研究

牡蛎养殖在韩国海水养殖业中占有重要地位,韩国是世界上仅次于中国的第二大牡蛎生产国。由于苗种供应不稳定、养殖密度增加造成的环境污染等问题,韩国牡蛎产量近年来呈下降趋势。韩国与中国互为近邻,其牡蛎产业发展面临的问题和采取的对策,对中国牡蛎产业的健康发展具有一定借鉴意义。文章通过分析韩国牡蛎苗种采集、养殖过程与管理制度、流通渠道、价格与养殖生产经营情况、进出口贸易以及存在的问题和政府采取的对策等,为中国牡蛎养殖业的健康发展和管理提供参考。     

白茶提取物对纳米SiO2诱导的大鼠肺纤维化的抑制作用及机制

硅肺是吸入SiO₂粉尘引起的以肺间质纤维化为主的全身性疾病。探讨了白茶提取物对纳米SiO₂诱导大鼠肺纤维化的抑制作用及机制。54只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、白毫银针提取物组、白牡丹提取物高和低剂量组、EGCG组共6个组,每组9只大鼠。除正常组外的其余5个组采用非暴露式气管插管方法造模纳米SiO₂粉尘(80 mg·mL^-1),每天以灌胃方式给予药物两周之后,检测肺组织中羟脯氨酸(HYP)、一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷光甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量以及肺组织形态学变化。结果显示,与模型组相比,白茶提取物各处理组及EGCG组病理形态改变有不同程度的减轻,其中白毫银针提取物组的效果最佳。白茶提取物各处理组与EGCG组的大鼠肺NO含量和炎症因子IL-6都显著低于模型组(P<0.05),GSH-Px活力高于模型组(P<0.05),高剂量白牡丹提取物对降低NO含量和升高GSH-Px活力效果最好;本研究表明,白茶提取物对于纳米SiO₂引起的大鼠肺纤维化氧化应激损伤具有有效的减缓和修复作用,主要与其抗氧化作用和抑制炎症反应相关。     

肉鸡饲料中反丁烯二酸替代抗生素的研究进展

肉鸡生产中通过抗生素来促进生长和提高饲料效率会存在一定程度的安全隐患,所以欧盟已通过立法禁止这类抗生素的使用。在美国,越来越多的消费者希望生产者能提供不饲喂抗生素的家禽产品。尽管已经找到了很多可以部分或全部发挥抗生素功能的替代品,但是,还没有一种能够在养殖生产中得到广泛应用。     

COMPARISON OF GROSS AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS WITH QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC BONE DENSITY IN THE DISTAL THIRD METACARPAL BONE OF RACEHORSES

Comparison of subchondral bone density determined by quantitative computed tomography (CT) with gross and histopathologic changes have not been made in horses. The goal of this study was to determine if mean quantitative CT density and mean voxel standard deviation are associated with the presence and severity of osteochondral lesions in the palmar aspect of the distal third metacarpal bone in racing horses. Metacarpophalangeal joints from nine racehorses were imaged using CT and scored for gross damage. Four-millimeter-thick sagittal and 30 degrees palmar dorsal plane sections were cut, decalcified and stained with hematoxylin and eosin from the distal third metacarpal bone. Microscopic osteochondral lesions and subchondral remodeling were scored on a scale of 0-3. Percent subchondral bone, expressed as the ratio of bone volume to tissue volume, was also measured. Mean quantitative CT density and mean voxel standard deviation were measured from three-dimensional models of CT images comparable with histologic sections. Mean quantitative CT density was not associated with lesion severity or number of lesions. A weak correlation between mean quantitative CT density and gross score was found, but mean quantitative CT density was not predictive for gross score. Mean voxel standard deviation was not correlated with gross or histopathologic measures, but was predictive of mild osteochondral lesions. Results support the association of subchondral remodeling with the development of palmar metacarpal lesions. However, there was not a strong correlation between mean quantitative CT density or mean voxel standard deviation and histopathologic lesions of the distal third metacarpal bone.