基于动态规划的塔里木河下游水量配置研究

以塔里木河5次输水观测资料为基础,以动态规划理论为指导,以大系统优化理论为手段,研究了塔里木河下游5次输水后河道两岸地下水位上升值与单位河长耗水量、不同地下水位埋深对应的高程与生态改善面积等之间的关系,建立了塔里木河下游输水量在各研究区合理配置的数学模型,并求解出各研究区合理配置的水量．     

香蕉酱抗褐变的工艺研究

采用热处理及化学处理进行防止香蕉酱褐变的研究。结果表明,热处理和化学处理的方法均可有效遏制香蕉酱的褐变,而同时采用两种方法的二级防褐变处理效果最佳,即先在沸水中热烫蕉条7～8min,打浆时添加10%的蛋清、0.3%的维生素C和0.6%的柠檬酸,可有效抑制香蕉酱的褐变。     

中国马铃薯上几种纽带亚科线虫记述(Ⅱ)

2001~2004年,对中国16个省(直辖市、自治区)部分地区的马铃薯线虫进行了采样调查,并分离鉴定出7个纽带亚科线虫,其中6个是马铃薯上的新记录种。笔者对其中4个种:松树拟盘旋线虫(Pararotylen-chus piniMamiya,1968)、假强壮螺旋线虫[Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus(Steiner,1914)Golden,1956]、双宫螺旋线虫[H.dihystera(Cobb,1890)Sher,1961]和明茨螺旋线虫(H.minziSher,1966)的形态进行了描述。     

Relay-intercropping soybean with maize maintains soil fertility and increases nitrogen recovery efficiency by reducing nitrogen input

Optimized nitrogen(N)management can increase N-use efficiency in intercropping systems.Legume-nonlegume intercropping systems can reduce N input by exploiting biological N fixation by legumes.Measurement of N utilization can help in dissecting the mechanisms underlying N uptake and utilization in legume-nonlegume intercropping systems.An experiment was performed with three planting patterns:monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(SS),and maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS),and three N application levels:zero N(NN),reduced N(RN),and conventional N(CN)to investigate crop N uptake and utilization characteristics.N recovery efficiency and 15N recovery rate of crops were higher under RN than under CN,and those under RN were higher under intercropping than under the corresponding monocultures.Compared with MM,IMS showed a lower soil N-dependent rate(SNDR)in 2012.However,the SNDR of MM rapidly declined from 86.8%in 2012 to 49.4%in 2014,whereas that of IMS declined slowly from 75.4%in 2012 to 69.4%in 2014.The interspecific N competition rate(NCRms)was higher under RN than under CN,and increased yearly.Soybean nodule dry weight and nitrogenase activities were respectively 34.2%and 12.5%higher under intercropping than in monoculture at the beginning seed stage.The amount(Ndfa)and ratio(%Ndfa)of soybean N2 fixation were significantly greater under IS than under SS.In conclusion,N fertilizer was more efficiently used under RN than under CN;in particular,the relay intercropping system promoted N fertilizer utilization in comparison with the corresponding monocultures.An intercropping system helps to maintain soil fertility because interspecific N competition promotes biological N fixation by soybean by reducing N input.Thus,a maize-soybean relay intercropping system with reduced N application is sustainable and environmentally friendly.     

二氯喹啉酸降解菌嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌菌株J03生长特性及其对烟草和水稻的安全性

二氯喹啉酸被广泛用于稻田除草,其残留易对后茬作物烟草的生长造成危害。本课题组前期从福建烟区植烟土壤中分离获得的嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia菌株J03对烟草二氯喹啉酸药害具有较好修复作用。为明确该菌株生长特性及其对烟草和水稻的安全性,本研究测定了J03菌株对烟草和水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,同时测定了环境因子温度和酸碱度对J03菌株生长的影响。结果表明:经J03菌株处理的烟草和水稻种子,发芽率分别大于80%和95%,与空白对照无显著差异。J03菌株处理的烟苗株高、叶片数和地上部鲜重分别为2.82 cm、6.4片和6.08 g,均显著高于空白对照,其他生长参数与对照无显著差异;J03菌株处理的水稻幼苗的株高和叶面积与空白对照相比均无显著差异。J03菌株在4~40℃内均可生长,但最适生长温度为30~37℃;在pH值为5.0~9.0的LB培养基中均可生长,但最适生长pH值为6.0~8.0。综合研究表明,嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌菌株J03对烟草和水稻生长安全,且其在田间的适合度较高。     

30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂对甜玉米田杂草的防效及安全性

研究30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在甜玉米田的应用效果,在甜玉米不同叶龄期开展田间试验,评价其对杂草的防除效果及对甜玉米的安全性。结果表明,30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在甜玉米3～4叶期或6～7叶期施药,900～1 575 g a.i./hm2剂量范围内对甜玉米品种粤甜28安全,对玉米田常见杂草凹头苋、光头稗、马唐和香附子的防效及增产效果均显著高于对照药剂38%莠去津悬浮剂2 160 g a.i./hm2播后苗前处理。推荐30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在900～1 350 g a.i./hm2范围内,甜玉米3～5叶期茎叶喷雾使用。     

蝴蝶兰新品种‘红天鹅’

‘红天鹅’是以蝴蝶兰‘宝岛玫瑰’为母本,‘超群火鸟’为父本进行人工杂交选育出的大花型蝴蝶兰新品种。花色鲜红,平均花朵横径为10.3 cm,花朵纵径为10.1 cm,花朵数为8 ~ 10朵,花穗自然弯曲,可不用人工造形。花芽对低温极为敏感,在年前开花,适合作为春节年销花品种,花期长达119 d。     

华南型黄瓜新品种‘燕青’

‘燕青’黄瓜是以雌性系86G为母本,自交系Z-1为父本配制而成的华南型新品种。植株长势较强,强雌型。瓜圆筒形,长20 cm,平均单瓜质量186 g,瓜色白绿色,脆嫩微甜。早熟性突出,耐阴,耐寒,丰产性强,平均总产量达70.74 t • hm-2。适宜重庆及相似生态区春保护地、露地栽培。     

盐酸返滴定法测定玉米脂肪酸值的可行性

为验证玉米脂肪酸值快速、简便、直观、准确的测定方法,以现行的国家标准GB/T 20570-2015《玉米储存品质判定规则》附录A中手工滴定法和电位滴定法为基础,采用盐酸返滴定法,对外观颜色相近的28个玉米样品及外观颜色明显差异的11个不同玉米品种的脂肪酸值进行测定。结果表明:28个外观颜色相近的玉米样品脂肪酸值手工滴定法与盐酸返滴定法的最小差为0.06 mg/100g,最大差为1.98mg/100g(小于2 mg/100g),2种方法测定脂肪酸值结果基本一致;二者的标准差分别在0.03～0.95mg/100g和0.11～0.82 mg/100g,RSD分别在0.22%～4.47%和0.62%～3.16%(RSD均小于5%),方法稳定性好。外观颜色明显差异的11个玉米品种脂肪酸测定值在手工滴定、电位滴定和盐酸返滴定3种方法间存在显著线性相关性(R2≥0.993)。盐酸返滴定法测定玉米脂肪酸值其精密度和稳定性均能满足测定要求,滴定速度快,终点颜色易判断,测定结果准确度高。     

河北省水稻生产概况及产业发展展望

河北省地处我国水稻生育期最长地带,具有得天独厚生产优质米的条件,通过优质品种培育、新技术研发推广和品牌创建,助推河北省水稻由生产小省向效益强省迈进。概述了河北省水稻主产区的生产现状,分析了水稻产业发展中存在的问题,并提出了未来产业发展的主攻方向。