猪免疫球蛋白在禽病防治中的应用效果

为了探讨猪血清免疫球蛋白能否用于禽病的治疗,笔者利用猪血清免疫球蛋白注射液进行了4种禽病的治疗试验。结果表明,猪血清免疫球蛋白对鸡腺胃型传染性支气管炎、鸡传染性喉气管和鸭瘟能够产生较好的治疗效果,而对鸡法氏囊病的治疗没有任何效果,说明猪血清免疫球蛋白可以用于禽类某些疾病的治疗。     

Distribution of proteins and amino acids in milled and brown rice as affected by nitrogen fertilization and genotype

A field experiment involving six japonica rice cultivars with contrasting agronomic traits and seven nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments was performed to determine the effects of N and genotype on distribution of four kinds of grain proteins and amino acids in milled and brown rice. For brown and milled rice, albumin and globulin were controlled more by genotype than N treatments, whereas prolamin and glutelin were largely determined by N. Substantial genotypic differences in response of milled/brown (M/B) ratios of proteins to N treatments were detected. In comparison with large panicle cultivars, small panicle cultivars such as Wuyujing3 had the lower ratio and exhibited more stability under contrasting N treatments. N had significant influence on amino acid composition of brown and milled rice, with contents of the 17 amino acids measured increasing with elevated N rate. However, cysteine and methionine in brown rice and lysine and methionine in milled rice were not significantly affected by N. In addition, N had little effect on ratios of M/B for most of the amino acids.     

白兰地二次蒸馏过程中主要挥发性成分含量变化的分析

采用气相色谱和质谱联用(GC—MS)方法,研究甲醇、乙醛、乙酸乙酯、1-丙醇、异丁醇和异戊醇等挥发性物质在白兰地蒸馏时的含量变化规律。结果表明,比乙醇沸点低的乙醛和乙酸乙酯在酒头中的含量较高;比乙醇沸点高的1-丙醇、异丁醇和异戊醇在酒头末期和酒身前期的含量较高;甲醇的沸点虽然比乙醇低,但它在酒头和酒尾中的含量都较高,而在酒身中的含量较低。     

High-throughput characterization of antibiotic resistome in soil amended with commercial organic fertilizers

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The use and abuse of antibiotics in the livestock industry are believed to have contributed to the enhancement of antibiotic resistance in agricultural settings...     

Ten-year application of cattle manure contributes to the build-up of soil organic matter in eroded Mollisols

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Amendment of animal manures into eroded soils is an important approach to improving nutrient status and increasing the concentration of soil organic carbon (SOC)....     

中东太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔获物组成分析

根据2000年9月至2002年8月两年的中东太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓探捕调查结果,对延绳钓渔获物组成进行了初步分析。结果显示,延绳钓的主要渔获种类有肥壮金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)和黄鳍金怆鱼(Thunnus albacares)等15种大洋性鱼类,渔获物中金枪鱼类分别占重量和尾数的76．41％和76．91％,旗鱼类占11．05％和7．83％．鲨鱼类占10．80％和12．08％,其他鱼类占1．73％和3．18％。相对重要性指标(IRI)表明,延绳钓渔业以肥壮金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼为目标鱼种,其他大型中上层经济鱼类为兼捕对象。各渔获种类的渔获重量组成比例月间变化和海域变化明显。     

稀有鮈鲫麻醉方法的研究

在室养条件下观察了MS-222、苯佐卡因和乌拉坦对稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)的麻醉效果。结果表明,乌拉坦不宜作为稀有鮈鲫的麻醉剂,而一定浓度的MS-222或苯佐卡因可导致稀有鮈鲫的快速麻醉;不同麻醉剂浓度、不同的作用时间下,稀有鮈鲫在行为上呈现不同的反应,据此可分为轻度镇静、深度镇静、轻度麻醉、中度麻醉、深度麻醉和髓质麻醉阶段;根据反应时间、恢复时间、维持时间和存活率等,建议使用60mg/L的苯佐卡因或100～110mg/L的MS-222作为深度麻醉剂量。     

真空、空气和气调包装对冷藏鱼糜制品品质的影响

为研究真空、空气和气调3种不同包装方式对冷藏鱼糜制品品质的影响,以鱼糜制品中的鱼丸为对象,通过测定鱼丸在(3±0.5) ℃冷藏期间微生物的种类和数量、理化指标和感官指标的变化情况,评价真空包装(vacuum packaging,VP)、空气包装(Air)、气调包装(M1,50%CO₂+50%N₂;M2,75%CO₂+25%N₂)对鱼丸品质的影响。结果表明,空气包装和真空包装鱼丸中的优势腐败菌是微球菌属、明亮发光杆菌和乳酸菌属,其次是假单胞菌和酵母菌。75%CO₂+25%N₂和50%CO₂+50%N₂的气调包装鱼丸中主要的优势腐败菌是明亮发光杆菌和乳酸菌属,其次是微球菌属。与空气包装和真空包装相比,75%CO₂+25%N₂和50%CO₂+50%N₂的气调包装完全抑制了酵母菌、假单胞菌的生长。75%CO₂+25%N₂和50%CO₂+50%N₂的气调包装比真空包装和空气包装更有利于抑制鱼丸中微生物的生长和TVB-N值的增加,保持pH、白度和感官品质的稳定,延长鱼丸的货架期。在(3±0.5) ℃冷藏条件下不同包装对鱼丸品质的保持效果好坏依次为M2,75%CO₂+25%N₂＞M1,50%CO₂+50%N₂＞VP＞Air,其对应的货架期分别为49、42、21和14 d。     

中国二段海鞘科相关属种的次生代谢产物最新研究进展

二段海鞘科物种在我国有记录的有二段海鞘属、拟薄海鞘属、膜海鞘属和Diplosoma共4属11种。本文简介了中国二段海鞘科品种分布及资源状况,概述了2001年以来关于该科此4属物种的次生代谢产物及其生物活性的研究进展,并对中国资源的化学成分与药用价值研发前景进行了展望。     

光照条件对养殖虾蟹类幼体生长发育影响的研究进展

本文综述了光照条件对养殖虾蟹类幼体生长发育影响的研究进展。包括虾蟹类幼体感光器官的超微结构;光照周期、光照强度和光谱等光照条件对虾蟹类幼体生长发育、摄食、存活等方面影响和从能量收支角度研究光照对虾蟹类幼体生长影响的方法。以期为我国进行该领域的研究和养殖实践提供有益的参考。