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91.
92.
Blight LK Ainley DG Ackley SF Ballard G Ballerini T Brownell RL Cheng CH Chiantore M Costa D Coulter MC Dayton P Devries AL Dunbar R Earle S Eastman JT Emslie SD Evans CW Garrott RA Kim S Kooyman G Lescroël A Lizotte M Massaro M Olmastroni S Ponganis PJ Russell J Siniff DB Smith WO Stewart BS Stirling I Willis J Wilson P Woehler EJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6009):1316
93.
Synthetic genetic devices that interface with native cellular pathways can be used to change natural networks to implement new forms of control and behavior. The engineering of gene networks has been limited by an inability to interface with native components. We describe a class of RNA control devices that overcome these limitations by coupling increased abundance of particular proteins to targeted gene expression events through the regulation of alternative RNA splicing. We engineered RNA devices that detect signaling through the nuclear factor κB and Wnt signaling pathways in human cells and rewire these pathways to produce new behaviors, thereby linking disease markers to noninvasive sensing and reprogrammed cellular fates. Our work provides a genetic platform that can build programmable sensing-actuation devices enabling autonomous control over cellular behavior. 相似文献
94.
Joseph A. Araujo Christina de Rivera Jennifer L. Ethier Gary M. Landsberg Sagi Denenberg Stephanie Arnold Norton W. Milgram 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2010,5(5):268-275
Anxiety and fear are common underlying factors in many canine behavior problems that impair the human–pet bond and often result in abandonment, relinquishment, or euthanasia. A combination of behavioral and pharmacological interventions is used to ameliorate the behavioral signs associated with anxiety-related behaviors in dogs, but there continues to be need for effective interventions. The current study examined the effects of the nutraceutical ANXITANE® (l-Theanine) chewable tablets on fear of unfamiliar human beings. We first characterized dogs as anxious on the basis of the existence of a fear response to human beings in their home-pen. We then demonstrated that dogs characterized as anxious (N = 10) showed reduced interaction with an unknown human being as compared with normal controls (N = 7). The effect of an administration of ANXITANE® tablets (N = 5) on these anxious Beagle dogs was compared with placebo (N = 5). Objective behavioral measures of anxiety were obtained using an open-field test, a human interaction test, and an actiwatch protocol that allowed monitoring of activity over 24-hours. The ANXITANE® tablets-treated dogs showed greater human interaction and approach than the placebo control group, and no side effects related to treatment, including motor stimulant or sedative effects, were seen. The current study suggests that ANXITANE® tablets are effective for reducing fearful behavior toward unfamiliar human beings in dogs and supports their use for treating anxiety-related behaviors. 相似文献
95.
Christina B. Wegener 《Potato Research》2003,46(3-4):155-166
Summary Expression of the pectate lyase (PL) isoenzyme 3 in transgenic potato lines of cv. Désirée mediates an enhanced resistance
of tuber tissue toErwinia carotovora (Ec) soft rot due to a pre-activation of plant defence mechanisms. Therefore, theSolanum tuberosum cvs Agave and Adretta with a moderate level of soft rot resistance were crossed with such PL-expressing potato lines. The
resulting progenies were assessed with respect to plant/tuber characteristics over a period of four years and then tested
for PL3-expression as well as for soft rot resistance. 71% of the selected progeny lines exhibited a stable production of
the PL3 enzyme. Statistical analysis revealed differences between the transgenic and the non-transgenic progeny concerning
the soft rot resistance of tuber tissue. Compared with the PL-inactive progeny, extension of Ec-rotting on the wound surface
of PL-transgenic potatoes was diminished on average by 51.8%. Similarly, the degree of cell lysis caused by bacterial maceration
was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in tuber tissue of PL-expressing progeny lines. The latter also revealed an enhanced PPO
and PAL activity in their tuber tissue indicating an active plant defence. It is concluded therefore that the PL-mediated
soft rot resistance introduced into potatoes by means of molecular techniques is heritable. 相似文献
96.
Soil P fractions in a volcanic soil chronosequence of Central Mexico and their relationship to foliar P in pine trees 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Nadeshda Cosette Galván‐Tejada Víctor Peña‐Ramírez Lucy Mora‐Palomino Christina Siebe 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2014,177(5):792-802
Phosphorus (P) is a major plant nutrient, however, its availability in volcanic ash soils is presumed to be small, due to its specific sorption on short‐range order minerals. We analyzed distinct P fractions in volcanic ash soils of different age (60 to > 100,000 y BP) under pine forests in Central Mexico to investigate their changes along a chronosequence of Regosols, Andosols, and Lixisols, and to evaluate if P availability limits tree growth at any particular stage. Top soil and subsoil samples were first analyzed by the Tiessen and Moir method, which failed to extract exhaustively “organic” and “occluded P”, and “P associated with apatite”. Therefore, we modified the fractionation scheme by including a “recalcitrant organic P” fraction obtained from the difference between P determined in air‐dried subsamples and subsamples burned at 300°C; P adsorbed to short‐range order minerals was assessed in an extraction with NH4‐oxalate, and P in primary minerals by subtracting the sum of all other fractions from total P contents determined by XRF. This we did after discovering that primary P occurred in the form of fluorapatite included in plagioclase, volcanic glass or olivine. We also measured P contents in pine needles and related these with the “mobile soil P” fractions. The results show that “organic P” reaches maximum contents in 10,000‐y old soil, as does P associated with short‐range order minerals, while P occluded into crystalline oxides increases constantly over time. After 100,000 y, 31% of total P still remains in the form of primary P in A horizons. “Mobile P” was constant > 40 mg kg?1 in Regosols and Andosols and related positively with foliar P contents, which were within adequate nutritional ranges. Only in Lixisols small “mobile P” concentrations in soil correspond with inadequate P contents in pine needles. 相似文献
97.
A 6 yr old female spayed Labrador retriever was examined for severe pain and a nonweight-bearing right forelimb lameness due to swelling and wounds with direct communication into the elbow joint. The medical management of β hemolytic Streptococcus septic arthritis with needle lavage of the joint, systemic and local antibiotic therapy, and analgesic therapy is described. This case provides information on the need to address septic arthritis in the dog as an emergency situation and the treatment with intra-articular medication. Earlier medical management for septic joints could be considered in dogs to help decrease the long-term complications that can result from septic arthritis. 相似文献
98.
Soultani C Patsikas M Mylonakis M Papazoglou L Papadopoulou PL Papakonstantinou PE Tziris N 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2011,47(1):64-66
A 9 mo old male mixed-breed dog was presented with a history of chronic vomiting and fever after undergoing a cholecystectomy for the management of traumatic cystic duct rupture associated with biliary effusion 10 days before referral. A 6 cm × 6 cm intrahepatic bile collection, a biloma, was diagnosed on abdominal ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration. The biloma was treated with percutaneous catheter drainage under ultrasonographic guidance. Two years after aspiration, the dog continued to do well. 相似文献
99.
Schröter P Kuiper H Holsteg M Puff C Haas L Baumgärtner W Ganter M Distl O 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(9-10):390-400
A haemorrhagic diathesis has been observed in young calves since 2007 which is described as bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) and presents a completely new disease. The objectives of our investigation were to test if BNP could be reproduced using colostrum of cows with a BNP history and pre-colostral calves from farms where BNP has not been observed. In the present experiment, 22 German Holstein calves from BNP-free farms were fed four to six hours after birth 2.5 l colostrum from cows which had been reported to have had at least one calf with BNP in the last lactation. We distinguished three different experimental groups according to the composition of the colostrum. In experimental group I, each of the six calves received colostrum of a single cow, in experimental group II all six calves received colostrum from the same cow and in experimental group III each of the ten calves received a colostrum mix from ten different cows. Clinical signs of BNP were observed in 50% of the calves in experimental group I, 67% of the calves in experimental group II and all calves in experimental group III. The lethality in the three experimental groups was significantly different with rates of 16.7%, 66.7% and 80%, respectively. Calves fed with a colostrum-mix in experimental group III had the highest lethality. Neither the farm nor the amount of the colostrum fed had a significant effect on the occurrence and course of BNP. The profiles for thrombocytes, leucocytes and erythrocytes significantly differed in dependence of the severity of BNP signs. Calves with non-lethal BNP showed thrombocytopenia with values below 100 G/l on the 1th to 3rd and the 7th to 11th day of life. In calves with lethal BNP, thrombocytes decreased under 50 G/l from day 5. In calves with non-lethal BNP, a decrease of the leucocytes under the threshold was present only for a short period of time. In calves with lethal BNP, leucocytes decreased in the first 5 days after birth continuously and increased on the 6th to the 8th day to normal values and then a rapid decrease occurred. Erythrocytes decreased under the normal threshold just in the last two days before the calves died or were euthanized. Thus, the present experiments showed that colostrum of cows with a BNP-history and vaccination with PregSure BVD from Pfizer caused lethal BNP. We can assume that the different reactions of the calves are due to immunogenetic reactions to colostral alloreactive antibodies. The reaction spectrum of calves depends on the presence of antigens which can react with these colostral antibodies. The experimental results can explain the different incidences of BNP within and among farms as well as between breeds. 相似文献
100.
Völkel I Schmitz C Moors E Gauly M Czerny CP 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(1-2):71-77
During the fattening period of a broiler flock four different litter materials (peat, chopped straw, shavings, silage) were tested simultaneously.The separated sections were tested for the presence of Salmonella bacteria using the sock-sampling method as described in the regulation EC No. 646/2007 with slight modifications in the sampling technique and the laboratory protocol. In addition, some chemical and physical parameters regarding litter quality and house climate were analysed. Samples were taken at day 0 (housing of animals), day 14, and day 30. At the end of the fattening period Salmonella Paratyphi B (d-tartrate +), representing a common strain in German broiler flocks, were isolated from culture. According to the various types of bedding materials some differences in the frequency of Salmonella detection were found. With three samples out of six samples being positive, wood shavings showed the highest Salmonella prevalence, followed by peat with two positive results. Corn silage was found to be a suitable alternative for common litter materials and revealed only one positive sample. Chopped straw was found to be free of Salmonella in our study. However, the latter had a higher risk for negative side effects concerning animal health and house climate. The study showed that the choice of an appropriate litter material might be of considerable importance in order to decrease the Salmonella burden within poultry flocks. 相似文献