摩擦学故障诊断技术在汽车发动机上的应用研究

应用摩擦学原理诊断汽车故障，对汽车发动机润滑系统磨损微粒的润滑介质进行光谱分析和理化性能测试，据此判断发动机的故障状态及故障部位，提高发动机的可靠性。     

Economics and Employment Generation of Bamboo-Based Enterprises: A Case Study from Eastern Bangladesh

An exploratory survey was carried out to assess economics and employment generation of the trade of bamboo and bamboo-based secondary products in the eastern Bangladesh, to obtain reliable information about their status, socio-economic significance, production and marketing. The study was undertaken over 30 bamboo-based enterprises in a suburban market of eastern Bangladesh, to investigate regional product details, economic profitability and employment opportunities. The sample entrepreneurs, corresponding to about 25% of the bamboo enterprise population were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. About 202 full and part-time workers were employed in the factories, under categories of artisan (who manufactured secondary products). The average number of worker’s in the large, medium and small factories were 9 (artisan 40%), 6.45 (artisan 35%) and 5 (artisan 25%) respectively. The study revealed that there was always a satisfied demand of skilled artisans. Most of the workers were relatively newly employed (not more than 5 years). The daily wage rate varied between 70 and 130 Tk. ($US 1 equals approximately 70 Bangladeshi Taka (Tk.), as at December 2008). Bambusa balcooa was the most utilized species (39.96%) in terms of monetary value. The price of a single B. balcooa culm in the local market was Tk. 160–210. Nine sizes of articles under seven bamboo categories were identified, these being bera (36″ × 120″ and 72″ × 96″), bookshelf (36″ × 24″), chaluni (12″ × 12″), chatai (48″ × 60″ and 36″ × 48″), jhuri, rickshaw hood and tukri. Net average profit per article was the highest for rickshaw hoods (Tk. 400 at the retailer stage). The total expected annual income for an enterprises from all articles types sold was estimated to be Tk. 85,800. Three distinct marketing channels were identified for selling bamboo and value-added secondary products. The study also generated policy implications for effective management of bamboo-based enterprises.     

Towards exploration of plant-based ethno-medicinal knowledge of rural community: basis for biodiversity conservation in Bangladesh

Because lack of data impedes the assessment of the conservation of medicinal plants, ethno-medicinal studies are important to fill this gap. This study considered the traditional use of plants for health care by the rural communities in two forested and non-forested regions of Bangladesh. A total of 230 respondents were interviewed accompanied by field observation and voucher specimen collection. Altogether, 68 species of medicinal plants belonging to 38 families distributing over 58 genera were recorded, of which 22 species were common in both regions. Trees were the most commonly utilized growth form and leaves were the most commonly used plant part. Forests and homesteads were the major sources of medicinal plants in forested and non-forested regions, respectively. High use versatility (Relative Importance >1) was represented by 14 species; Emblica officinale L. and Allium sativum L. were the most versatile species. Forty-one individual ailments were treated with the medicinal plants recorded. The ailment categories ‘respiratory problems’ and ‘sexual problems’ received the highest score from the calculation of informants’ consensus factor (F _ic) in forested and non-forested regions, respectively. The findings could contribute in the pharmaceutical sector by directing further investigation of bio-active compounds in medicinal plants. Secondly, results could inform the clues for conservation strategies of forest resources in that region.     

实验田4年生转基因毛白杨嫁接苗和自根苗安全性研究

目的 对种植于天津滨海的自根苗转AhDREB1基因毛白杨（（Populus tomentosa × P. bolleana） × P. tomentosa）以及种植于沧州盐山的嫁接苗转基因株系进行安全性研究,评估转基因毛白杨对环境可能造成的影响。 方法 利用PCR扩增以及电泳技术,对种植在天津滨海和沧州盐山实验田的4年生转基因毛白杨基因组DNA、土壤DNA、沧州嫁接苗砧木DNA以及抗性微生物基因组DNA进行PCR特异性检测。对天津实验田土壤中根际微生物数量进行连续动态监测（3月、4月、5月）。分别在天津滨海和沧州盐山实验田模拟自然条件下转基因毛白杨植株枯落物掉落,检测不同生长阶段的不同器官（新生嫩芽、多年生枝条、新生根尖、多年生侧根、新生嫩叶、当年生老叶）的降解时间。通过化感实验,检测天津滨海和沧州盐山实验田转基因毛白杨植株叶片对白菜（Brassica pekinensis）种子的生长是否造成影响。 结果 电泳结果显示：外源基因稳定存在于转基因毛白杨基因组中,实验田土壤DNA、抗性微生物DNA样品以及沧州嫁接苗砧木DNA中均未出现目的基因片段;天津非转基因植株和转基因植株的根际土壤中可培养微生物数量没有显著差异;转基因毛白杨的枯落物,无论是飘落在杂草表面、土壤表面还是埋入土壤,2个月后外源基因均被降解。化感实验结果显示：非转基因植株以及转基因植株对白菜种子的胚轴和胚根生长的影响没有显著差异。 结论 未发现实验田种植4 a的转基因毛白杨对周围的环境造成影响。     

新型轻质家具材料-木质材料强化蜂窝纸芯复合板的研制

选用木质材料强化蜂窝纸芯中蜂窝单元的边长、纤维板支撑条的厚度以及强化蜂窝纸芯的拉伸率作为试验因子,探讨这三个因子对复合板力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,蜂窝单元的边长对板材MOR、MOE和平面抗压强度有显著性影响,支撑条厚度对MOE有显著性影响,拉伸率对板材力学性能无显著性影响。     

伐根嫁接杨树林根系分布特征

通过对比研究大兴区的伐根嫁接杨树林分和与其地下和地上部分分别相同的植苗造林杨树林分,得出伐根嫁接杨树林根系的特殊分布特征。采用全挖法获取杨树总根量和根型,采用土柱法获取吸收根(细根≤2mm,粗根210mm)。结果表明:伐根嫁接林根系总干重分别是相同地下和地上部分植苗造林的1.83倍和7.38倍;其根系数量多且粗壮,为水平斜生根型,而植苗造林林分为水平根型;伐根嫁接林总细根量和总粗根量分别比两个植苗造林林分提高了86.27%和224.65%,59.06%和65.86%;与植苗造林相比,伐根嫁接林表层的吸收根垂直和水平分布都表现异常,垂直分布中0～10cm土层的细根分布较多,10～20cm土层的分布较少;水平分布中株间0～20cm土层的分布异常多。该结论为伐根嫁接杨树林的生长优势提供了进一步的微观解释。     

内蒙古乌拉特高原荒漠原生树种蒙古扁桃容器育苗试验研究

蒙古扁桃是蒙古高原的一种孑遗植物,是国家三级保护植物,具有药用、饲用和巨大的生态价值。为了保护蒙古扁桃这一珍贵天然资源,开展了蒙古扁桃的容器育苗试验,总结繁育蒙古扁桃苗木的经验。试验在巴彦淖尔乌拉特后旗的呼和温都尔镇乌兰哈少嘎查进行。通过对蒙古扁桃容器育苗的试验,总结出了一套适用于西部干旱地区的蒙古扁桃繁育技术。     

德国林业、环境保护和林业管理体制

介绍了德国：①先进的林业理论和高度发达的林业现状;②公民良好的环境保护意识和环境保护政策;③目前林业的管理体制、管理机构、管理方式以及林业政策的目标和原则。     

家具检测用环境舱恒温恒湿系统方案改进

对所研制的第一代环境舱恒温恒湿系统进行实验及分析,分析环境舱内壁结霜凝水以及检测甲醛和TVOC不够准确等问题产生的原因,并提出具有针对性的改进方案。实验表明,改进后的系统可有效解决上述问题,能够精确控制环境舱内部温湿度的恒定,从而保证环境舱在工作过程中对样品分析结果的准确性。     

雷公藤和昆明山海棠形态变异的研究

对雷公藤种质资源进行调查,建立种质资源收集库,定期观察雷公藤表型性状,研究形态标记的遗传变异,结果表明,雷公藤与昆明山海棠的叶片大小、叶背白粉、花序大小等主要分类特征存在显著的差异,但其变异是连续的,而且地理分布也是连续的;昆明山海棠、雷公藤均能适应长江流域的气候条件,但不同种源生长情况及主要活性成分含量存在明显的差异.雷公藤与昆明山海棠现行分类问题值得商榷,两者应属同一种植物,雷公藤与昆明山海棠的遗传多样性预示着遗传改良具有巨大的潜力.