杆状病毒SpltMNPV gp41基因的克隆、表达及抗体制备

摘要：GP41是杆状病毒包埋型病毒粒子（Occlusion-derived virus，ODV）特有的糖蛋白，它介导芽殖型病毒粒子（Budded virus，BV）的核衣壳通过胞核。用PCR方法扩增得到斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒（Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedro virus，SpltMNPV）gp41基因, 并将其克隆至5′端有6×His编码序列的原核表达载体pQE30上，转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli )M15[pREP4]，在1 mmol/L异丙基-D-硫代半乳糖（IPTG）诱导下超量表达了与理论预测值相符的1个37.9 kD融合蛋白。以纯化的融合蛋白为抗原，免疫新西兰大白兔制备了特异的抗GP41抗体。Western印迹分析表明，该抗体适合进一步分析SpltMNPV GP41蛋白。     

山地丘陵雨水集蓄与节水节能灌溉集成系统的研究

针对山地丘陵地区的灌溉问题提出了因地制宜地将降雨集蓄与节水灌溉相结合,自压灌溉与机压灌溉相结合的观点,并按此观点设计了一个特点鲜明的集成系统。开发了有关技术,研制了相关设备,建立了相关设施,并将它们与已有的技术、设备、设施合理地结合起来以组成这一系统。试验表明该系统投资为6080/hm²元,年运行费用为1039.7/hm²元,与传统种植相比,增产波菜20%,效益费用比为4.36。因而这一系统对于山区丘陵地区是适用的。研究还表明,山地雨水集蓄可减少水土流失与侵蚀,有利于水土保持     

污灌条件下土壤碱度、石膏施用以及污水过滤处理对水力传导度的影响

污水是淡水资源缺乏地区农业灌溉的重要水资源之一。该文通过室内土柱淋洗试验，研究了污水灌溉条件下土壤碱度、脱硫石膏施用以及污水过滤处理对土壤水力传导性能的影响。试验结果显示，土壤饱和水力传导度随淋出液体积的增加而减小。非碱性土壤的稳定水力传导度比碱性土壤(可交换钠百分比约为30)的大74%左右。脱硫石膏的施用降低了碱性土壤的pH值以及土壤溶液的钠吸附比。0.5%的石膏施用量可增大碱性土壤的稳定水力传导度37%左右。污水过滤处理增大了非碱性土壤的初始水力传导度，而降低了碱性土壤的初始水力传导度。在污水灌溉条件下，石膏施用可有效地改善碱性土壤的水力传导能力。     

O/W emulsification for the self-aggregation and nanoparticle formation of linoleic acid-modified chitosan in the aqueous system

Chitosan was modified by coupling with linoleic acid through the 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide-mediated reaction to increase its amphipathicity for improved emulsification. The micelle formation of linoleic acid-modified chitosan in the 0.1 M acetic acid solution was enhanced by O/W emulsification with methylene chloride, an oil phase. The fluorescence spectra indicate that without emulsification the self-aggregation of LA-chitosan occurred at the concentration of 1.0 g/L or above, and with emulsification, self-aggregation was greatly enhanced followed by a stable micelle formation at 2.0 g/L. The addition of 1 M sodium chloride promoted the self-aggregation of LA-chitosan molecules both with and without emulsification. The micelles of LA-chitosan formed nanosize particles ranging from 200 to 600 nm. The LA-chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated the lipid soluble model compound, retinal acetate, with 50% efficiency.     

湖北白猪导入OMT／PGH基因的整合,表达和遗传

以湖北白猪为实验材料,显微注射OMT/PGH基因(绵羊启动子和猪生长激素的融合基因)于1125枚1～4细胞期的早期胚胎核内,共产仔167头,产仔率14.8%。Dot(斑点杂交)和Southern blot(印迹转膜杂交)检测,29头阳性,阳性率17.9%。通过传代进行转基因的遗传分析。G_0×G_0的配种组合,产仔63头,其中阳性20头,阳性率31.7%;G_0×非转基因猪的组合,产仔66头,其中阳性10头,阳性率15.2%。对11头G_0猪血清用放射免疫法测定的结果,其生长激素的浓度相当于对照组的2.03～6.70倍。16头G_0猪180日龄的生长速度比同窝对照提高11.8%;11头G_1猪比同窝对照提高14.8%,饲料转化率提高10%,瘦肉率有提高的趋势。     

甲拌磷人工抗原的合成及多克隆抗体制备

以五硫化二磷与无水乙醇为原料,首先制得硫化物中间体,再添加甲醛和2-巯基乙醇进行反应,得到甲拌磷半抗原.在DMAP作为催化剂的条件下,甲拌磷半抗原与丁二酸酐反应,得到甲拌磷半抗原的衍生物.通过碳二亚胺法将甲拌磷半抗原衍生物分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和鸡卵清白蛋白(OVA)共价偶联,得到免疫抗原和包被抗原.用免疫抗原免疫兔子获得了高效价的多克隆抗体,抗血清效价达到了1∶50 000.通过试验确立甲拌磷标准曲线,检测限为6.383μg/L,检测线性范围为6.383～10 000μg/L.     

现代农业节水技术

发展节水农业是农业现代化的必然趋势．是解决农业水资源短缺。保证农业可持续发展的根本出路。总结了现代农业节水技术的适宜形式——工程节水、生物节水、农艺节水、化学节水、管理节水5种节水技术措施及其综合技术合成,为各种不同类型的地区在发展节水农业时提供一定的启示和思路。     

不同浓度NaCl胁迫对扁蓿豆苗期生长及生理指标的影响

采用盆栽法研究不同浓度NaCl（0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 mmol·L^-1）胁迫对扁蓿豆（Melilotoides ruthenica）苗期生长及生理指标的影响。结果表明：相同胁迫天数下,随盐浓度的升高扁蓿豆株高、叶面积、茎粗均呈降低趋势,根冠比呈增大趋势。胁迫第14,21和28 d,150~300 mmol·L^-1浓度下株高显著低于对照（P<0.05）;300 mmol·L^-1浓度下,叶面积、茎粗均显著低于对照（P<0.05）,根冠比显著大于对照及其他各浓度处理（P<0.05）。即盐胁迫下,扁蓿豆各生长部位对盐敏感性不同。扁蓿豆叶绿素、丙二醛（MDA）、叶片相对水分含量和相对电导率在不同胁迫时期,不同盐浓度影响有差异。胁迫第14 d时200~300 mmol·L^-1浓度处理、胁迫第21 d和28 d时100~300 mmol·L^-1浓度处理均使扁蓿豆MDA含量显著高于对照（P<0.05）;胁迫第14 d时250~300 mmol·L^-1浓度处理、胁迫第21 d时200~300 mmol·L^-1浓度处理、胁迫第28 d时150~300 mmol·L^-1浓度处理均使其叶片相对水分含量显著低于对照和其他浓度处理（P<0.05）。可见,随着胁迫时间的延长,抑制扁蓿豆幼苗生长的临界盐浓度值在减小,即盐胁迫对扁蓿豆幼苗的抑制程度与盐浓度、胁迫时间成正比。     

Storage temperature and time influences sensory quality of mandarins by altering soluble solids,acidity and aroma volatile composition

Mandarins are very prone to losing flavor quality during storage and, as a result, often have a short shelf life. To better understand the basis of this flavor loss, two mandarin varieties (‘W. Murcott’ and ‘Owari’) were stored for 0, 3 and 6 weeks at either 0 °C, 4 °C, or 8 °C plus 1 week at 20 °C, and then evaluated for sensory attributes as well as quality parameters and aroma volatile profile. The experiment was conducted multiple times for each variety over two seasons, using three separate grower lots per experiment. Flavor quality was reduced in ‘Owari’ following 4 weeks of storage as off-flavor increased, while for ‘W. Murcott’ the hedonic score decreased after the fruit were stored for 7 weeks. Sensory panelists also noted a decline in tartness during storage for both varieties that was associated with an increase in the ratio of soluble solids concentration (SSC) to titratable acidity (TA). Large increases in alcohols and esters occurred during storage in both varieties, a number of which were present in concentrations in excess of their odor threshold values and are likely contributing to the loss in flavor quality. Thirteen aroma volatiles, consisting mainly of terpenes and aldehydes, declined during storage by up to 73% in ‘Owari’, only one of which significantly changed in ‘W. Murcott’. Although many of these volatiles had aromas characteristic of citrus, their involvement in flavor loss during storage is unclear. ‘W. Murcott’ stored at 8 °C had slightly superior flavor to fruit stored at either 0 °C or 4 °C, and the better flavor was associated with higher SSC/TA and lesser tartness. Aroma volatiles did not play a role in the temperature effect on flavor as there were no significant differences in volatile concentrations among the three temperatures. There was no effect of storage temperature on the flavor of ‘Owari’.